We conducted preference assessments with 4 typically developing children to identify potential reinforcers and assessed the reinforcing efficacy of those stimuli. Next, we tested two predictions of economic theory: that overall consumption (reinforcers obtained) would decrease as the unit price (response requirement per reinforcer) increased and that the cost and benefit components that defined...

The last decade has witnessed different price trajectories in the international and Chinese agricultural commodity markets. This paper compares and contrasts these dynamic patterns between markets from the perspective of price bubbles. A newly developed right-tailed unit root testing procedure is applied to detect price bubbles in the CBOT and Chinese agricultural futures market during the peri...

Article history: Received 20 June 2014 Received in revised form 25 September 2014 Accepted 26 September 2014 Available online 5 October 2014 This paper investigates the time-varying impact of oil price uncertainty on stock prices in China using weekly data on ten sectoral indices over the period January 1997–February 2014. The estimation of a bivariate VAR-GARCH-in-mean model suggests that oil ...

Real estate industry is both capital-intensive, highly related industries and industries essential to provide the daily necessities. However, the real estate pricing models and methods of research rarely receive the critical attention and development it deserves. In this paper, we present a multi-resolution approach for the determination of the real estate pricing. The proposed method firstly u...

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This paper estimates the price responsiveness of cannabis, alcohol and cigarette use. Individual level data from four waves of the National Drug Strategy Household Survey are merged with previously unavailable state level data on cannabis prices, and ABS alcohol and tobacco price indices. In addition to own price effects, we estimate cross price effects and the impact of differing legal regimes...

Behavioral economic demand for addictive substances is commonly assessed via purchase tasks that measure estimated drug consumption at a range of prices. Purchase tasks typically use escalating prices in sequential order, which may influence performance by providing explicit price reference points. This study investigated the consistency of value preferences on two alcohol purchase tasks that u...

The study identifies the impact of changes in human mobility due to announcement state emergency cope with COVID-19 pandemic on Tokyo gasoline, diesel, and kerosene markets. Indices reflecting movements visits transit stations workplaces were used capture from February 2020 2021. linear nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) models applied investigate relationship between indices fuel prices. Although only pri...