The principle of dimensionality reduction with PCA is the representation of the dataset ‘X’in terms of eigenvectors ei ∈ RN  of its covariance matrix. The eigenvectors oriented in the direction with the maximum variance of X in RN carry the most      relevant information of X. These eigenvectors are called principal components [8]. Ass...

This paper may be regarded as a new numerical method for the analysis of triangular thin plates using the natural area coordinates. Previous studies on the solution of triangular plates with different boundary conditions are mostly based on the Rayleigh-Ritz principle which is performed in the Cartesian coordinates. Consequently, manipulation of the geometry and numerical calculation of the int...

This paper presents a numerical solution for vibration analysis of a cantilever trapezoidal thick plate. The material of the plate is considered to be graded through the thickness from a metal surface to a ceramic one according to a power law function. Kinetic and strain energies are derived based on the Reissner-Mindlin theory for thick plates and using Hamilton's principle, the governing equa...

background: fetal electrocardiography is a developing field that provides valuable information on the fetal health during pregnancy. by early diagnosis and treatment of fetal heart problems, more survival chance is given to the infant. objective: here, we extract fetal ecg from maternal abdominal recordings and detect r-peaks in order to recognize fetal heart rate. on the next step, we find a b...

the field study was conducted in one district of educational-experimental forest at tehran university (kheirood-kenar forest) in the north of iran. eighty-five soil profiles were dug in the site of study and several chemical and physical soil properties were considered. these factors included: soil ph, soil texture, bulk density, organic carbon, total nitrogen, extractable phosphorus and depth ...

This paper presents two methods for accurately computing the periodic regions’ centers. One method fits for the general M-sets with integer index number, the other fits for the general Msets with negative integer index number. Both methods improve the precision of computation by transforming the polynomial equations which determine the periodic regions’ centers. We primarily discuss the general...

We address the definition of symbolic variance and covariance for random interval-valued variables, and present four known symbolic principal component estimation methods using a common insightful framework. In addition, we provide a simple explicit formula for the scores of the symbolic principal components, equivalent to the representation by Maximum Covering Area Rectangle. Furthermore, the ...

This paper provides a comprehensive study of the syndicate structure and its relationship to information asymmetry and loan spread by using principal component analysis on a large set of 40 structure-related variables. A total of six structure components are identified and related to syndicate quality, syndicate members’ heterogeneity or share concentration, lead arranger’s characteristics, lea...

Abstract: Measuring the success of sustainable urban development has been difficult in the past. However, as this has become more important in the past few years, this paper develops an innovative sustainable urban development capacity measurement model based on principal component analysis (PCA) and Grey TOPSIS methodology, which has a significantly more comprehensive measurement, and reduces ...