The ubiquitous presence of printed circuit boards (PCBs) in modern electronic systems and embedded devices makes their integrity a top security concern. To take advantage the economies scale, today’s PCB design manufacturing are often performed by suppliers around globe, exposing them to many vulnerabilities along segmented supply chain. Moreover, increasing complexity designs also leaves ample...

The current study presents an effort to develop a sustainable hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of copper from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) be applied at local small medium industrial units. aims separate and recover filter dust produced during crushing PCBs using hammer mill in recycling facility. Due high plastic content (approximately 30% w/w), metal fraction was separated g...

The effect of varying process parameters during bio-catalyzed leaching metals from end-of-life printed circuit boards (PCBs) was investigated. Fragmented PCBs (under 2 mm) were subjected to an indirect bioleaching in a stirred tank reactor while pulp density, pH and initial ferric iron content varied. An oxidizing Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans 61 microbial strain used generate the lixiviant th...

With the older “through-hole” technology packages such as the Dual In-line Package (DIP), soldering to printed circuit boards was accomplished using a wave solder. The DIP leads went through holes in the printed circuit board, where they were exposed to molten solder during the mounting process. The DIP’s body was never subjected directly to the solder melt, because it was protected from the he...

Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have by far been utilized to make 3-D passive components (i.e., resistors, inductors, and capacitors), circuit boards, packages of power electronic devices. This article provides an overview automatic assembling technologies AM applications in converters, as well the advantages limitations each process this area. It shows that direct metal laser sintering ...