Although disease-causing prions are an extreme pathogenic aberration in protein behavior, emerging evidence places them at the end of a broad spectrum of ordered protein aggregates with diverse biological roles. This Select highlights recent findings on prions, including mutations that push proteins with prion-like domains over the threshold to pathogenicity in degenerative disorders, a vertebr...

is when per capita production and consumption grow. This may occur when more hours are spent working; but more important, for the long-term, is new technology, which leads to higher rates of extraction and/or more effi cient use of resources. For most nations, economic growth refl ects a concurrent increase in population and per capita production and consumption, all facilitated by the developm...

The ability of intelligent agents to play games in human-like fashion is popularly considered a benchmark of progress in Artificial Intelligence. Similarly, performance on multi-disciplinary tasks such as Visual Question Answering (VQA) is considered a marker for gauging progress in Computer Vision. In our work, we bring games and VQA together. Specifically, we introduce the first computational...

The property that has given humans a dominant advantage over other species is not strength or speed, but intelligence. If progress in artificial intelligence continues unabated, AI systems will eventually exceed humans in general reasoning ability. A system that is “superintelligent” in the sense of being “smarter than the best human brains in practically every field” could have an enormous imp...

Modern progress in artificial intelligence permits to realize algorithms of adaptation for critical events (in addition to ERP). A production emergence, an appearance of new competitive goods, a major change in financial state of partners, a radical change in exchange rate, a change in custom and tax legislation, a political and energy crisis, an ecocatastrophe can lead up to a decrease of prof...

This paper puts forward a comprehensive study of the design of global stopping criteria for multi-objective optimization. In this study we propose a global stopping criterion, which is terms as MGBM after the authors surnames. MGBM combines a novel progress indicator, called mutual domination rate (MDR) indicator, with a simplified Kalman filter, which is used for evidence-gathering purposes. T...

States of ecological maturity and temporal trends of drylands in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia north of 28 ̋N are reported for 1998–2008. The input data were Normalized Difference Vegetation Index databases and corresponding climate fields, at a spatial resolution of 1 km and a temporal resolution of one month. States convey opposing dynamics of human exploitation and ecological succession. They ...

In parallel query-processing environments, accurate, time-oriented progress indicators could provide much utility to users given that queries take a very long time to complete and both interand intra-query execution times can have high variance. In these systems, query times depend on the query plans and the amount of data being processed, but also on the amount of parallelism available, the ty...

We present the results of simultaneous optical polarimetry and EUV spectroscopy and photometry of PQ Gem, a magnetic cataclysmic variable which shows observational properties of the strongly magnetic AM Her class, as well as the weaker eld DQ Her stars. The EUV spectrum of PQ Gem is weak, showing continuum blueward of 80 A and a few possible weak emission lines due to Mg, Si, and Ne. The EUV li...

the process of poetry in kuwait has always been progressive during the past centuries as well as the present century. this progression has raised remarkable questions such as is the good economical situation because of the foundation of petrol in this country and so on. the last question is about the time of formation of rticulate poetry in kuwait. the poets of kuwait do not care about the publ...