In this paper we examine the nature of the duty-imposing norms in indirect discrimination (ID) law. We aim to clarify two main issues. First, we determine the extent to which these norms should be understood as imposing relational duties – duties owed to particular individuals or as imposing simple duties – duties owed to no one in particular – or, perhaps, both. Let’s call this the duty inquir...

This article examines the changing agendas on smoking-related issues in Scotland. It charts the methods that groups, governments and MSPs use to frame and pursue or suppress discussion of the prohibition of smoking in public places. The article presents two narratives– one which stresses ‘new politics’ and the ability of groups to influence policy through Scottish Parliamentary procedures, and ...

My study deals with the imperative sentence in poetry of al-Akhras, a grammatical study. The is composition structures Arabic construction sentence, and as much its types significance varies from one to another, command appeal question, it prohibition. research aims present al-Akhras benefiting rules grammarians set poetic evidence for different styles that I found his poetry.
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Prohibition of illegal drugs is a failed social policy and new models of regulation of these substances are needed. This paper explores a proposal for a post-prohibition, public health based model for the regulation of the most problematic drugs, the smokable and injectable stimulants. The literature on stimulant maintenance is explored. Seven foundational principles are suggested that could su...

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