BACKGROUND Policy discussions concerning pharmaceutical promotion often assume that small promotional items are unlikely to influence prescribing behavior. Our experiment measures whether exposure to these items results in more favorable attitudes toward marketed products and whether policies that restrict pharmaceutical marketing mitigate this effect. METHODS This is a randomized controlled ...

Price promotions are used extensively in marketing for one simple reason—consumers respond. The sales increase for a brand on promotion could be due to consumers accelerating their purchases (i.e., buying earlier than usual and/or buying more than usual) and/or consumers switching their choice from other brands. Purchase acceleration and brand switching relate to the primary demand and secondar...

Policy Forum I n the late 1950s, the late Democratic Senator Estes Kefauver, Chairman of the United States Senate's AntiTrust and Monopoly Subcommittee, put together the first extensive indictment against the business workings of the pharmaceutical industry. He laid three charges at the door of the industry: (1) Patents sustained predatory prices and excessive margins; (2) Costs and prices were...

Poor training of clinicians on the Rational Use Medicines (RUMs) and impact pharmaceutical promotional activities fuel irrational prescribing behavior, which is a major contributor to cost-related medication non-adherence. The aim this study was determine how RUMs related concepts influence cause This cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted among medical practitioners in South-eastern Nige...

Drawing on transaction cost economics and social exchange theory, we explore the impact of governance mechanisms green customer integration moderating effects power environmental uncertainty. Using data from 206 Chinese manufacturers, can show that both contractual control relational norms facilitate integration. Interestingly, promotional are undermined if manufacturers exert mediated power. F...

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A good promotional strategy encompasses advertising, sales promotion, public relations, and personal selling in order to communicate with their present and potential consumers (Kotler, 1994). Because they have been shown to have a significant sales impact, sales promotions are majorly employed in businesses. Application of consumer sales promotions in product management requires debate over its...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening interventions with their effects on health disparity being considered. MATERIALS AND METHODS Markov cohort simulation was conducted with the cycle/duration of 1/40 year(s). Data came from the results of randomized trials and others. Participants were hypothetical cohorts aged 50 years as of...