The toxicological and biochemical characteristics of acetylcholinesterases (AChE) in nine populations of the common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), were investigated in Kerman Province, Iran. Nine A. pistaciae populations were collected from pistachio orchards, Pistacia vera L. (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), located in Rafsanjan, Anar, Bam, ...

INTRODUCTION Several species of granivorous birds are responsible for damage to cereal crops in Senegal. Palearctic migrants, such as ruffs (Philomachus pugnax), godwits (Limosa limosa), and waterfowl damage newly sown rice seed or germinating plants. The main pests to ripening cereals are the red-billed quelea (Quelea quelea), black-headed weavers (Ploceus melanocephalus), village weavers (P. ...

The carbamate compounds are a class of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides (Farage-Elawar, 1990) and bendiocarb (2, 3-isopropyledene-dioxyphenyl methylcarbamate, BC) is the most widely used carbamate insecticide to control disease vectors (mosquitoes, flies, household and agricultural pests). Like other carbamate insecticides, BC is a reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The bl...

of 20–120 infectious mosquito bites per person per year). During the elimination program which ran from 1972 to 1973, near complete coverage of all households (97–99%) with propoxur-based IRS combined with mass drug administration of the anti-malarials sulfalene and pyrimethamine (73–92% coverage) was attained throughout the study area. Although these intense efforts led to a drastic reduction ...

This work investigates the ability of multiplicative (on the basis of product units) and sigmoidal neural models built by an evolutionary algorithm to quantify highly overlapping chromatographic peaks. To test this approach, two N-methylcarbamate pesticides, carbofuran and propoxur, were quantified using a classic peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence reaction as a detection system for chromatographi...

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are involved in insecticide resistance in insects. We previously observed an increase in CYP6P7 and CYP6AA3 mRNA expression in Anopheles minimus mosquitoes during the selection for deltamethrin resistance in the laboratory. CYP6AA3 has been shown to metabolize deltamethrin, while no information is known for CYP6P7. In this study, CYP6P7 was heterologously expresse...

Possibility of monitoring insecticide resistance in the diamondback moth by analyzing the insensitivity of cholinesterase (ChE) which is resistant to organophosphates and carbamates was investigated. Four kinds of ChE genotypes were found and inherited by incomplete dominance factors. Against propoxur and monocrotophos, each ChE genotype showed LD50 in proportion to the values of I50. Differenc...

The feasibilities of two strategies for the simultaneous analysis of five carbamate insecticides (i.e. propoxur, carbofuran, carbaryl, isoprocarb, and promecarb) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) have been investigated. The first method is the preconcentration strategy based on micelle-mediated extraction (MME) using sodium dodecyl sulfate. The second strategy uses chemical deriv...

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are enzymes known to metabolize a wide variety of compounds including insecticides. Their overexpression leading to enhanced insecticide detoxification could result in insecticide resistance in insects. The increased mRNA expression of two P450 genes, CYP6P7 and CYP6AA3, has been previously observed in laboratory-selected deltamethrin-resistant Ano...