Since the role of angiogenesis in cancer development has been recognized, the study of anti-angiogenic or anti-vascular therapeutic agents has become increasingly important for cancer treatment. Selective thrombosis is one approach towards this goal. Since many types of carcinoma accumulate large numbers of degranulating mast cells which will release heparin, intravenously injected protamine ma...

Cellular labeling with ferumoxides (Feridex IV) superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles can be used to monitor cells in vivo by MRI. The objective of this study was to use histology and MRI to evaluate an in vivo, as opposed to in vitro, technique for labeling of mononuclear leukocytes as a means of tracking inflammatory processes in the brain. Long-Evans rats were intravenously injected wit...

background: low molecular weight heparin (lmwh) is used for the treatment and prevention of coagulative disorders. few patients receiving therapeutic doses of lmwh develop major hemorrhage. currently there are few reports in the literature on acute overdose on adults.  in this study, clinical profile, treatment and outcome of 21 patients who acutely overdosed enoxaparin are described. methods: ...

Cardiotoxin, protamine and polylysine are potent inhibitors of various cholinesterases. CaCl2 and MgCl2 overcome the inhibition. The order of addition of the inhibitor and the protecting agent (MgCl2) influences the final degree of the inhibition observed. These findings suggest that cardiotoxin, protamine and polylysine inhibit cholinesterases by the ionic binding of their basic groups with th...

Fatal anaphylactic reactions to protamine sulfate during cardiac surgery are very rare. We report a case of catastrophic bronchial spasm due to an anaphylactic reaction to protamine. The patient was managed successfully using a bronchodilator, steroid treatment, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Deamidation of proteins is probably one of the most common chemical degradation pathways in protein pharmaceuticals. The reaction rate for deamidation of human growth hormone (hGH) is particularly pH-dependent and occurs typically faster at neutral and alkaline pH [1]. Protamine from salmon is an extremely basic peptide due to its high arginine content. It is isolated from sperm cells of salmon...

OBJECTIVE To determine reheparinisation requirements following protamine neutralisation after the discontinuation of cardiopulmonary bypass in a group of patients receiving "low dose" aprotinin compared with a control group. DESIGN Randomised, placebo controlled study. SETTING Regional cardiothoracic unit within a district general hospital. PATIENTS 20 patients were consecutively allocate...

Protamine is used after cardiopulmonary bypass was stopped in order to reverse the anticoagulant effects of heparin administered during open-heart operations. Adverse hemodynamic responses to protamine are common, ranging from minor perturbations to cardiovascular collapse. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a prostacyclin is effective in the treatment of protamine-mediated...

Both aprotinin and in vitro heparin and protamine dosing assays (RxDx System) have been shown to reduce postoperative bleeding in the cardiac surgery patient. While celite activated clotting time tests in the presence of heparin are artificially prolonged by aprotinin, the kaolin based ACT is not. In order to optimize heparin anticoagulation management during cardiac surgery when aprotinin is u...

BACKGROUND Bleeding complications are common in cardiac surgery. Perioperative handling of heparin and protamine may influence the haemostasis. We hypothesized that heparin and protamine dosing based on individual titration curves would improve haemostasis in comparison to standard dosing. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Sixty patients scheduled for first time elective coronary artery bypass grafting or...