Scalable distributed systems, systems which suffer no degradation as the number of computing nodes becomes larger, require a programming methodology where an application developer may take existing software modules and plug them together to form a new application. To allow mistrusting modules to interact, the underlying kernel support must offer protection barriers which do not impede performan...

We consider a model of quantum computation using qubits where it is possible to measure whether given pair are in singlet (total spin 0) or triplet xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">1) state. The physical motivation that we can do these measurements way protected against...