The Republic of Adygea is one the southern entities located in northwestern part North Caucasus. northern republic stretches across Kuban lowlands and along slopes Greater Climatic conditions are favourable for growth heat-loving woody shrub vegetation. area covered by forests 285.7 thousand hectares, including 278.4 hectares forests. distributed unevenly; most concentrated piedmont mountainous...

Abstract Zagros forests have the greatest impact on soil and water protection in western Iran. Despite this, a significant part of these forests, especially Ilam province, suffered lot due to phenomenon oak decline. The first most fundamental thing person must know when combating this issue is distribution areas forests. Therefore, using parameters affecting decline province based fuzzy logic, ...

To date, the lichens Chrysothrix candelaris and Varicellaria hemisphaerica have been classified as accurate primeval lowland forest indicators. Both inhabit particularly valuable remnants of oak-hornbeam forests in Europe, but tend toward a specific kind of vicariance on a local scale. The present study was undertaken to determine habitat factors responsible for this phenomenon and verify the i...

One of the leading places in complex measures to increase productivity forests and rational use wood resources is occupied by thinning for forest care. Timely justified maintenance allows not only increasing sustainability forests, size use, but also creating prerequisites effective implementation environmental protection climate control functions forests. Growing highly productive stands optim...

Sea shores of Gilan Province is one off the biggest tourist attractions in Iran. This area have valuable forests and grasslands. In addition it provides significant amount of corps like rice, tea, olive. Considering this facts, environmental protection of this area must be priority for national government. However waste management instruction have been ratified in Iran, there isn’t any specific...

The National Forest road system is the network that supports public recreation, which has become the primary use of the public lands. The pattern of use of National Forest roads for recreation has increased dramatically since the late 1940s and is expected to continue to increase beyond the rates observed today. However, research over the past 60 years clearly presents forest roads as a major s...

Land-use regimes vary throughout the world. Within the forest land-use regime there are several broad management strategies. Diverse views are prevalent about the superiority of one forest management strategy over the others, especially in relation to net benefits. These debates about net benefit cannot be solved from the current body of literature as they are mostly concluded by summing market...

Stream–riparian areas represent a nexus of biodiversity, with disproportionate numbers of species tied to and interacting within this key habitat. New research in Pacific Northwest headwater forests, especially the characterization of microclimates and amphibian distributions, is expanding our perspective of riparian zones, and suggests the need for alternative designs to manage stream–riparian...

The two-spotted leafhopper, Sophonia rufofascia (Kuoh and Kuoh), is an exotic pest from South-East Asia that attacks a wide variety of plant species in Hawaii. Myrica faya Aiton is an aggressive exotic weed that displaces and excludes native plants in Hawaiian forests. It has been argued that because of the high nutritional quality of its foliage, M. faya might facilitate leafhopper invasion of...