Background and Objective: The cell division cycle 25 (CDC25)is a familyof highly conserved dual-specificity phosphatases that activate cyclin-dependent kinase complexes. These complexes are the main cell cycle regulators. Mammalian cells ,exposure to DNA damaging radiations such as ionizing radiation and ultraviolet light, prevent cell cycle progression by activation of checkpoint pathways an...

Objective: Circulating progenitor cells possess vasculogenesis property and participate in repair of vascular injury. Cx (connexin) 43—a transmembrane protein constituting gap junctions—is involved pathology. However, the role Cx43 smooth muscle (SPCs) remained unclear. Approach Results: Human SPCs cultured from CD34 + peripheral blood mononuclear expressed cell markers, such as MHC (myosin hea...

Previous studies revealed a paradox whereby mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (Map4k4) acted as a negative regulator of insulin sensitivity in chronically obese mice, yet systemic deletion of Map4k4 did not improve glucose tolerance. Here, we report markedly reduced glucose-responsive plasma insulin and C-peptide levels in whole body Map4k4-depleted mice (M4K4 iKO) as well...

objective: signaling pathways such as extracellular regulated kinase/mitogen activated protein kinase (erk/mapk) have increased activity in leukemia. ribosomal 6 kinase (rsk4) is a factor downstream of the mapk/erk pathway and an important tumor suppressor which inhibits erk trafficking. decrease in rsk4 expression has been reported in some malignancies, which leads to an increase in growth and...