This report addresses Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Cyclospora, and more briefly, Toxoplasma as the main parasitic protozoa of concern to food production worldwide. Other parasitic protozoa may be spread in food or water but are not considered as great a risk to food manufacture. The protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Cyclospora have proven potential to cause waterborne and foodborne...

The classification of protozoa and other microorganisms above the organizational level of the bacteria has always been dependent on microscopy because the body sizes involved generally range from only one micrometre to one or two millimetres in length. Any structures these species possess, useful in comparative studies of their morphology and thus their taxonomyand systematics, are at the cellu...

The impact of untreated and partially treated domestic wastewater on rivers and community water sources continues to raise health and safety concerns. The organisms of concern in domestic wastewater include enteric bacteria, viruses, and protozoan cysts. Table 1 summarizes the most common microorganisms found in domestic wastewater and the types of human diseases associated with them. Based on ...

1Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology Department, Medicine School, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina 2Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, 5300 La Rioja, Argentina 3Program of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile 4Department of Infectious Diseases and Center for Tropical and...

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic protozoan pathogen with a wide geographic distribution. The chronic phase of toxoplasmosis often asymptomatic in humans and characterized by tissue cysts throughout the central nervous system muscle cells. T. other pathogens tropism for are considered risk factors etiology several neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia bipolar disorder, ...

The development and refinement of amphibian medicine comprise an ongoing science that reflects the unique life history of these animals and our growing knowledge of amphibian diseases. Amphibians are notoriously fastidious in terms of captive care requirements, and the majority of diseases of amphibians maintained in captivity will relate directly or indirectly to husbandry and management. Inve...