Recent work suggests that the dissemination of tumor cells may occur in parallel with, and even preceed, tumor growth. The mechanism for this early invasion is largely unknown. Here, we find that mammary epithelial cells (MECs) induce neighboring breast carcinoma cells (BCCs) to cross the basement membrane by secreting soluble laminin. Laminin continuously produced by MECs induce long membrane ...

Ice nuclei have been studied on the hexagonal boron nitride nanomesh (h-BN/Rh(111)), a template with 2 nm wide molecule traps. Scanning tunneling microscopy shows confined clusters, where oligomers with three protrusions are particularly abundant. Together with local barrier height dI/dz maps, it is found that the dipoles of the water molecules arrange in a homodrome, which is consistent with d...

Sarcocystis hominis was first isolated from slaughtered cattle raised in Japan. Cysts were 1,220-4,460 x 80-384 microns in size and their wall was 3 to 6 microns thick and appeared radially striated in the histopathological sections because of the presence of palisade-like villar protrusions on the surface. The protrusions were 3.1-4.3 x 0.7-1.1 microns in size and had many microtubules in the ...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by endothelial cells support vascular homeostasis. To better understand cell EV biogenesis, we examined cultured human umbilical vein (HUVECs) prepared rapid freezing, freeze-substitution, and serial thin section electron microscopy (EM). Thin sections of HUVECs revealed clusters membrane protrusions on the otherwise smooth surface. The contained membrane-b...

The article discusses the feasibility of applying protrusions for round suns-skin, used to capture pollutants. boundaries vortex zones at entrance suction-squabbles with are found. dependences axial velocity suction air flow different lengths and angles inclination skin determined. Ill. 6. Ref. 23.

New work on the ability of IRSp53/MIM domains to induce negative membrane curvature sheds light on the mechanisms used to generate actin-rich cell protrusions.