BACKGROUND Peptide YY (PYY) is involved in the regulation of several gut functions, including secretion and motility. It exerts its effects through a family of six receptors, commonly named the Y receptor family. AIMS To characterise the effects of PYY on strips of rat proximal colon in vitro, and to determine the pathways and receptors involved. METHODS Contractions of strips removed from ...

The nephrotoxic metal Cd(2+) causes mitochondrial damage and apoptosis of kidney proximal tubule cells. A K(+) cycle involving a K(+) uniporter and a K(+)/H(+) exchanger in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) is thought to contribute to the maintenance of the structural and functional integrity of mitochondria. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of Cd(2+) on K(+) cycling i...

introduction: detection of caries lesions on approximal surfaces of posterior teeth is difficult, since wide contact points hamper direct visual inspection. due to the importance of the early detection of dental caries, the aim of this study is to compare the performance of different methods (visual, bitewing radiography and diagnodent) in detecting approximal caries in primary molars. methods:...

we introduce a new concept of general $g$-$eta$-monotone operator generalizing the general $(h,eta)$-monotone operator cite{arvar2, arvar1}, general $h-$ monotone operator cite{xiahuang} in banach spaces, and also generalizing $g$-$eta$-monotone operator cite{zhang}, $(a, eta)$-monotone operator cite{verma2}, $a$-monotone operator cite{verma0}, $(h, eta)$-monotone operator cite{fanghuang}, $h$-...

The proximal point methods have been widely used in the last decades to approximate the solutions of nonlinear equations associated with monotone operators. Inspired by the iterative procedure defined by B. Martinet (1970), R.T. Rockafellar introduced in 1976 the so-called proximal point algorithm (PPA) for a general maximal monotone operator. The sequence generated by this iterative method is ...

abstract a solitary plasmacytoma of bone occurs in approximately 2-5% of patients with myeloma. the lesion mostly found in the axial skeleton and have infrequently been reported to arise in the hand, and usually occur in the distal phalanges. we report the interesting case of a 75-year-old man who developed a solitary lytic lesion of the thumb proximal phalanx. this lesion was explored through ...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the proximal nerve stump, in end-to-side nerve repair, to functional recovery, by modifying the classic end-to-side neurorrhaphy and suturing the proximal nerve stump to a donor nerve in a rat model of a severed median nerve. METHODS Three experimental groups were studied: a modified end-to-side neurorrhaphy with suturing of...

Muscle blood flow (MBF) and muscle oxygen saturation (SmO(2)) were measured at eight locations (four proximal, four distal) over a 4 x 8 cm(2) area of the vastus lateralis at rest and immediately after isometric, maximal quadriceps contraction using multichannel, frequency-domain, near-infrared spectroscopy. A venous occlusion was applied 20 s before the end of the exercise, so that the venous-...

Contractility of the proximal and distal vaginal wall smooth muscle may play distinct roles in the female sexual response and pelvic support. The goal of this study was to determine whether differences in contractile characteristics of smooth muscle from these regions reside in differences in the expression of isoforms of myosin, the molecular motor for muscle contraction. Adult female Sprague-...