After the research on naBL-algebras gained by non-associative t-norms and overlap functions, inflationary BL-algebras were also studied as a recent kind of generalization BL-algebras, which can be obtained general functions. In this paper, we show that not every function induce an BL-algebra counterexample thus propose new concept weak BL-algebras. We prove each corresponds to BL-algebra; there...

The aim of this paper is to derive pseudo-BCK algebras from directoids and vice versa. We generalize some results proved by Ivan Chajda et al. in the case BCK-algebras. assign an arbitrary algebra a semilattice-like structure observe that point where are different structures. Finally, relation between commutative deductive systems bounded pseudo-BCK(pDN) characterization terms discussed.

Nelson algebras were first studied by Rasiowa and BiałynickiBirula [1] under the name N-lattices or quasi-pseudo-Boolean algebras. Later, in investigations by Monteiro and Brignole [3, 4], and [2] the name “Nelson algebras” was adopted – which is now commonly used to show the correspondence with Nelson’s paper [14] on constructive logic with strong negation. By a Nelson algebra we mean an abstr...

First and second fundamental theorems are given for polynomial invariants of a class of pseudo-reflection groups (including the Weyl groups of type Bn), under the assumption that the order of the group is invertible in the base field. Special case of the result is a finite presentation of the algebra of multisymmetric polynomials. Reducedness of the invariant commuting scheme is proved as a by-...

We study Thurston’s norm on the second homology of a 3-manifold. The novelty of our approach consists in the use of methods of the C∗algebra theory. Namely, for Stallings’ fibration M with pseudo-Anosov monodromy, we associate a C∗-algebra whose K-theory gives rise to an algebraic number field K. We show that the trace function on the ring of integers of K induces a norm on the second homology ...

brain-computer interfaces (bci) record brain signals, analyze and translate them into control commands which are relayed to output devices that carry out desired actions. these systems do not use normal neuromuscular output pathways. actually, the principal goal of bci systems is to provide better life style for physically-challenged people which are suffered from cerebral palsy, amyotrophic la...

Lie algebra involutions and their fixed-point subalgebras give rise to symmetric spaces real forms of complex algebras, are well-studied in the context symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebras. In this paper we study a generalization. Namely, introduce concept pseudo-involution, an automorphism which is only required act involutively on stable Cartan subalgebra, pseudo-fixed-point natural substitute fo...

The notion of a (closed) double-framed soft ideal (briefly, a (closed) DFS-ideal) in BCK/BCI-algebras is introduced, and related properties are investigated. Several examples are provided. The relation between a DFS-algebra and a DFS-ideal is considered, and characterizations of a (closed) DFS-ideal are established. A new DFS-ideal from old one is constructed, and we show that the int-uni DFS-s...