Pre-steady-state transient currents (1986. Nakao, M., and D. C. Gadsby. Nature [Lond.]. 323:628-630) mediated by the Na/K pump were measured under conditions for Na/Na exchange (K-free solution) in voltage-clamped Xenopus oocytes. Signal-averaged (eight times) current records obtained in response to voltage clamp steps over the range -160 to +60 mV after the addition of 100 microM dihydroouabai...

A series of superporous carboxymethylcellulose-graft-poly(acrylamide)/palygorskite (CMC-g-PAM/Pal) polymer monoliths presenting interconnected pore structure and excellent adsorption properties were prepared by one-step free-radical grafting polymerization reaction of CMC and acrylamide (AM) in the oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering-medium internal phase emulsions (Pickering-MIPEs) composed of non-to...

An MV-convergence is a convergence on an MV-algebra which renders the operations continuous. We show that such convergences on a given MV-algebra A are exactly the restrictions of the bounded `-convergences on the abelian `-group in which A appears as the unit interval. Thus the theory of `-convergence and Cauchy structures transfers to MV-algebras. We outline the general theory, and then apply...

We derive empirical tests for the mean-variance efficiency of a given portfolio. The tests can be computed using straightforward linear programming, and they give substantial flexibility in modeling the investment possibilities. Using this test, we can reject the hypothesis that the S&P 500 index is mean-variance efficient relative to the 25 Fama and French (1993) equity portfolios. Mean-varian...

An MV-pair is a pair (B, G), where B is a Boolean algebra and G is a subgroup of the automorphism group of B satisfying certain condition. Recently it was proved by one of the authors that for an MV-pair (B, G), ∼G is an effect-algebraic congruence and B/ ∼G is an MV-algebra. Moreover, every MV-algebra M can be represented by an MV-pair in this way. In this paper we show that one can define a s...

We introduce a generalization of MV algebras motivated by the investigations into the structure of quantum logical gates. After laying down the foundations of the structure theory for such quasi-MV algebras, we show that every quasi-MV algebra is embeddable into the direct product of an MV algebra and a "‡at" quasi-MV algebra, and prove a completeness result w.r.t. a standard quasi-MV algebra o...

Flaminio and Montagna (2008) enlarged the language of MV-algebras by a unary operation σ, called internal state or a state operator, equationally defined so as to preserve the basic properties of a state in its usual meaning. The resulting class of MV-algebras is called state MV-algebras. Jenča (2007) and Vetterlein (2008), using different approaches, represented MV-algebras through the quotien...

We shall make a survey of the most recent results obtained in connection with the programme of investigating notable categorical equivalences for MV-algebras from a topos-theoretic perspective commenced in [3]. In [3] and [2] we generalize to a topos-theoretic setting two classical equivalences arising in the context of MV-algebras: Mundici’s equivalence [4] between the category of MV-algebras ...

We give a realization of the crystal B(−∞) for ̂ sl2 using decorated polygons. The construction and proof are combinatorial, making use of Kashiwara and Saito’s characterization of B(−∞), in terms of the ∗ involution. The polygons we use have combinatorial properties suggesting they are the ̂ sl2 analogues of the Mirković-Vilonen polytopes defined by Anderson and the third author in finite type. ...

The varietyMV of all MV-algebras is shown to be non-canonical in a strong sense. Specifically it is shown that the canonical extension of the Chang algebra, K2, is not an MV-algebra. As a consequence, no non-finitely generated variety of MV-algebras is canonical.