thinking, language, cognition, the capacities for self-observation and self-evaluation, and the ability to project present conditions into the future. The child’s active participation in the process is perforce more sporadic and less reliable than that of the adult. (1978, p. 297) Finally, it is vital to stress that in addition to offering interpretations in the idiom of the play, the analyst m...

The state of "common unhappiness" presumably regarded by Freud as the end point of the psychoanalytic cure is examined as an ontological conviction reflected in a still-prevailing view of the self as ideally autonomous and fully demarcated from its surround. More recent contributors have envisioned individuation as relationally contingent rather than as essentially solitary. Yet, although more ...

In the recent attempt to bring psychoanalysis into contact and shared understanding with other sciences, there have been a number of works explicating neural science concepts and phenomena – affect, memory, consciousness for the psychoanalyst. These have enriched our field and helped to build a scientific foundation for our theory and practice. The present paper tries to accomplish another rela...

Purpose: The present study investigated the psychometric properties of a Persian version self- reassurance/ self-criticism Inventory in the male and female teachers. Materials & Methods:  This study was of a validation type. The participants were 444 teachers selected through a multistage-cluster random sampling among the teachers in high school second period in the city of Bojnord of the ...

The author discusses the ways in which psychoanalytic theories, like other theories, attempt to systematise the understanding of observations. Freud remarked that systems also have unconscious meanings. The author discusses these unconscious vicissitudes of psychoanalytic theories of both clinical and more abstract kinds, at various levels of psychological function. Learning psychoanalysis repe...