A battery drives a motor that in turn drives a paddlewheel via a belt drive. The paddlewheel turns in a water bath that heats up as a consequence. Hence, energy E is transferred from the battery to the water bath, and as a result the mass of the battery decreases by E/c while the mass of the water increases by the same amount, where c is the speed of light. How does this energy get from the bat...

BACKGROUND The use of medial rectus pulley posterior fixation sutures to treat esotropia with convergence excess has limited support in the literature. We describe our results using this technique to treat patients with large near-distance disparities. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed records of patients with accommodative or partially accommodative esotropia and convergence excess 13(Δ) o...

BACKGROUND Superior labral anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions have been well described in the literature and are thought to be secondary to traction injuries to the biceps anchor and/or falls on the outstretched arm. The pulley has recently been described as a structure that aids in the prevention of biceps instability. The intra-articular subscapularis insertion (IASS) has been noted to cont...