Quantum computers, which process information encoded in quantum mechanical systems, hold the potential to solve some of the hardest computational problems. A substantial obstacle for the further development of quantum computers is the fact that the lifetime of quantum information is usually too short to allow practical computation. A promising method for increasing the lifetime, known as dynami...

Commercial lithium ion cells with different power: energy ratios were disassembled, to allow the electrochemical performance of their electrodes be evaluated. Tests on coin cell half included rate tests (continuous and pulsed), resistance measurements, extended pulse tests. Pulse power at high rates typically showed three limiting processes within a 10 s pulse; an instantaneous increase, solid ...

Experiments in coherent spectroscopy correspond to control of quantum mechanical ensembles guiding them from initial to final target states. The control inputs (pulse sequences) that accomplish these transformations should be designed to minimize the effects of relaxation and to optimize the sensitivity of the experiments. For example in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, a question...

Brain iron was visualized on a mid-field (0.5 T) scanner using a spin-echo pulse sequence. Methemoglobin was hyperintense on T1- and T2-weighted images. Deoxyhemoglobin, hemosiderin, and ferritin were seen as decreased intensity on T2-weighted images. The spin-echo pulse sequences were improved for identification of deoxyhemoglobin, hemosiderin, and ferritin by prolonging the TR to 3000 msec an...

Introduction: Recently, first examples of inner-volume-imaging and motion artifact suppression based on Parallel EXcitation (PEX) have been presented [1]. However, in most PEX based applications, 3D selectivity has been achieved by 2D spatially selective excitation combined with perpendicular 1D slice selective refocusing. Therefore, the necessity of multi pulse sequences and the limitation to ...

We describe generation of shaped femtosecond waveforms by using frequency-domain phase-only filters designed by numerical optimization techniques. The task of filter design for pulse shaping in the time domain is directly analogous to the design of phase-only filters for beam shaping and array generation in the spatial domain. We experimentally tested phase filters that were designed to produce...

Optical pulsing of a laser beam provides a convenient manner for transmitting digital information, and such procedures have led to well-accepted classes of pulse amplitude and pulse position modulation formats. However the excessive pulse dispersion and background light bursts that characterize several optical channels severly limit performance and achievable data rates. One procedure for comba...

There are many excellent specialised texts and articles that describe the physical principles of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) techniques. There are also many texts written with the clinician in mind that provide an understandable, more general introduction to the basic physical principles of magnetic resonance (MR) techniques and applications. There are however very few texts or arti...

Introduction: The susceptibility difference between bone and bone marrow promotes the use of spin echo-based sequences for high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (μMRI) of trabecular bone (TB) [1], particularly for B0>1.5T. At ultra high field strengths, specific absorption rate (SAR) limits for patient safety are breached by the fast large-angle spin-echo (FLASE) pulse sequence. Fast spin ...

Endogenous magnetic resonance contrast based on the localized composition of fat in vivo can provide functional information. We found that the unequal pulse timings of the Uhrig's dynamical decoupling multipulse echo sequences significantly alter the signal intensity compared to conventional, equal-spaced Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequences. The signal increases and decreases depending on the t...