BACKGROUND It has been shown that selective retina treatment (SRT) using a train of 1.7 microseconds laser pulses allows selective damage of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) while sparing the adjacent photoreceptors and thus avoiding laser scotoma. It was the purpose of this work to investigate SRT laser effects with Q-switched pulses of only 8 nanoseconds in duration by evaluating the angi...

We analyze the Crab pulsar at ten frequencies from 0.43 to 8.8 GHz using data obtained at the Arecibo Observatory and report the spectral dependence of all pulse components and the rate of occurrence of large-amplitude ‘giant’ pulses. Giant pulses occur only in the main-and-interpulse components that are manifest from radio frequencies to gamma-ray energies (known as the ‘P1’ and ‘P2’ component...

[1] Using an eight-station array of electric field derivative (dE/dt) sensors and colocated NaI X-ray detectors, we have obtained 3-D RF source locations during the leaders and attachment processes of three first strokes initiated by stepped leaders in natural cloud-toground lightning and one stroke initiated by a dart-stepped leader in a rocket-and-wire triggered flash. Stepped leader and dart...

The current work is aimed to fabricate a pulse generator to meet the requirements of control and process signals to be applied on to several basic constituting functional units of a radar system. The functional units of Radar system includes Exciter, Receiver, Radar Controller, TCSG and Duplexer Antenna.The synchronized pulses generated are operate on functional units is accomplished by generat...

Brachial artery cuff blood pressures are but approximations of central aortic pressures. The actual pressures against which the left ventricle must pump would be useful clinical information if obtained noninvasively. Our aim was to determine the clinical utility of aortic pulses and pressures calculated from noninvasively obtained radial-artery pulses. Radial-arterial pulses were recorded by ap...

The coincidence spectrometer consists of two scintillation spectrometers, each of which can be used as either a beta-ray or a gamma-ray spectrometer, depending on what crystals are used. The pulses from the first spectrometer are analyzed with a single channel analyzer. The pulses corresponding to a certain energy are picked out with the analyzer and are fed into one channel of a coincidence ci...

In this Chapter we describe the design of an optical parametric amplifier that allows the generation of infrared laser pulses suitable for ultrafast nonlinear spectroscopy on the OH-stretching mode of water molecules. Mid-infrared femtosecond pulses, tunable in the range of 2800-3800 cm with sub-100 fs duration and ~15 μJ energy are produced by an optical parametric amplifier driven at 1 kHz by...

Pulses of arbitrary temporal shape can be generated by spectrally filtering a short pulse. Frequency selective reflectors, such as fiber Bragg gratings, can be designed to obtain the desired pulse shape. The required distribution of the refractive index modulation, amplitude and phase, can be calculated using inverse scattering techniques. For weak gratings, under the Born approximation, the im...

Giant pulses are short, intense outbursts of radio emission with a power-law intensity distribution that have been observed from the Crab Pulsar and PSRB1937+21. We have undertaken a systematic study of giant pulses from PSRB1937+21 using the Arecibo telescope at 430, 1420, and 2380 MHz. At 430 MHz, interstellar scattering broadens giant pulses to durations of ∼ 50 μsecs, but at higher frequenc...

Gene electrotransfer is an established method for gene delivery which uses high-voltage pulses to increase permeability of cell membrane and thus enables transfer of genes. Currently, majority of research is focused on improving in vivo transfection efficiency, while mechanisms involved in gene electrotransfer are not completely understood. In this paper we analyze the mechanisms of gene electr...