Bacterial efflux pumps are active transport proteins responsible for resistance to selected biocides and antibiotics. It has been shown that production of efflux pumps is up-regulated in a number of highly pathogenic bacteria, including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, the identification of new bacterial efflux pump inhibitors is a topic of great interest. Existing assays to e...

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) increase osteoporotic fracture risk presumably via hypochlorhydria and consequent reduced fractional calcium absorption (FCA). Existing studies provide conflicting information regarding the direct effects of PPIs on FCA. We evaluated the effect of PPI therapy on FCA. We recruited women at least 5 years past menopause who were not taking acid suppressants. Participa...

5 roton pump inhibitors (PPIs) suppress gastric acid secretion by selectively inhibiting the enzyme P hydrogenepotassium adenosine triphosphatase, located in gastric parietal cells. These drugs superseded H2-receptor antagonists as first-line acid suppressants in the 1980s, and their potent effect has revolutionised the management of common upper gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, including gastr...

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) patients to decrease the incidence of cardiovascular events.1 Above all, mucosal injuries associated with inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, resulting in GI ulceration and bleeding, is a major side effect of the drug.1 Therefore, a concomitant use of Aspirin and Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) has been approved for CAD patients to prevent mucosa associated disord...

In 2009, an editorial by Putman focused on the dramatic increase in the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in infants [1]. Considering the increasing evidence that PPIs offer little benefit for most of the symptoms for which they are prescribed, Putman strongly highlighted the need for a serious effort to curtail their empiric use. The editorial was linked to a study by Orenstein et al, which...

Efflux pump mechanisms perform important physiological functions such as prevention of toxin absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, elimination of bile from the hepatocytes, effective functioning of the blood-brain barrier and placental barrier, and renal excretion of drugs. They exist in all living cells, but those in the bacterial and mammalian cells are more important to the clinician a...

Efflux pump mechanisms perform important physiological functions such as prevention of toxin absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, elimination of bile from the hepatocytes, effective functioning of the blood–brain barrier and placental barrier, and renal excretion of drugs. They exist in all living cells, but those in the bacterial and mammalian cells are more important to the clinician a...

H. pylori gastritis and gastric acid closely interact. In H. pylori-positive patients, profound acid suppressive therapy induces a corpus-predominant pangastritis, which is associated with accelerated corpus gland loss and development of atrophic gastritis. Both corpus-predominant and atrophic gastritis have been associated with an increased risk of development of gastric cancer. H. pylori erad...

BACKGROUND Critically ill patients may develop bleeding caused by stress ulceration. Acid suppression is commonly prescribed for patients at risk of stress ulcer bleeding. Whether proton pump inhibitors are more effective than histamine 2 receptor antagonists is unclear. OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitors vs. histamine 2 receptor antagonists for the prev...