Writing has been identified as a challenge for students with reading difficulties. This study contributes to previous research by exploring argumentative writing in L1 (Swedish) and L2 (English) group of difficulties upper secondary school. Participants were 19 typical reading, poor decoding, 9 comprehension. A majority attended vocational programmes. Written text quality was assessed using an ...

The fuzziness of Chinese sentence boundary makes discourse analysis more challenging. Moreover, many articles posted on the Internet are even lack of punctuation marks. In this paper, we collect documents written by masters as a reference corpus and propose a model to label the punctuation marks for the given text. Conditional random field (CRF) models trained with the corpus determine the corr...

For the first presentation, Dave Pallett distributed a handout with system descriptions and results. He credited the people involved, and indicated the tight schedule which was met. The tests included three training paradigms: speaker-dependent (SD); longitudinal speaker-dependent (LSD), with much more training speech; and speaker-independent (SI). Tests included 5K and 20K vocabularies, bigram...

Dependency parsers are usually evaluated on attachment accuracy. Whilst easily interpreted, the metric does not illustrate the cascading impact of errors, where the parser chooses an incorrect arc, and is subsequently forced to choose further incorrect arcs elsewhere in the parse. We apply arc-level constraints to MSTparser and ZPar, enforcing the correct analysis of specific error classes, whi...

Instant Messaging (IM) is being increasingly adopted in the workplace and personal life. Prosody can enhance users’ interaction with IM. Punctuation is one type of indicators of prosody in text. However, instant messages are characterized by absent punctuations, among others. Moreover, the empirical study on punctuations in IM is sparse. Therefore, we aim to recover punctuations in instant mess...

Eukaryotic gene regulation involves a balance between packaging of the genome into nucleosomes and enabling access to regulatory proteins and RNA polymerase. Nucleosomes are integral components of gene regulation that restrict access to both regulatory sequences and the underlying template. Whereas canonical histones package the newly replicated genome, they can be replaced with histone variant...

This paper presents novel methods that integrate lexical prediction of non-verbalized punctuations with Viterbi decoding for Large Vocabulary Conversational Speech Recognition (LVCSR) in a single pass. We describe two different approaches one based on a modified finite state machine representation of language models and one based on an extension of an LVCSR decoder. We discuss advantages over t...

The first of these is clearly uncontroversial; it is only very recently, however, that researchers have begun to take the others seriously. As noted by Nunberg [1990], a pervasive bias towards taking the primary object of linguistic study to be the spoken form of language has led linguists to almost completely ignore phenomena that belong to the second and third of these categories. Nonetheles,...

We model the relationship between sentences and their punctuation labels using conditional random fields. Some feature functions are hand-designed and others are generated by templates. We train the same model by stochastic gradient ascent, Collins Perceptron and contrastive divergence respectively and compare their performance. On the provided dataset, we achieve word-level accuracy of 94.56%....