20 Injury of descending motor tracts remodels cortical circuitry and leads to enhanced 21 neuronal excitability, thus influencing recovery following injury. The neuron-specific 22 contributions remain unclear due to the complex cellular composition and connectivity of 23 the CNS. We developed a microfluidics-based in vitro model system to examine intrinsic 24 synaptic remodeling following axon ...

Under the conditions of these experiments, which consisted essentially of maintaining rats on a ration adequate in all dietary essentials as far as is known except vitamin A, the following changes were produced in the nervous system. 1. Degeneration of the medullary sheaths of the brachial plexuses and sciatic nerves, and less often of the vagus nerves. Such lesions were not found in the optic ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MR diffusion tensor imaging permits detailed visualization of white matter fiber tracts. This technique, unlike T2-weighted imaging, also provides information about fiber direction. We present findings of normal white matter fiber tract anatomy at high resolution obtained by using line scan diffusion tensor imaging. METHODS Diffusion tensor images in axial, coronal, and...

Atypical cadherin Celsr3, a regulator of planar cell polarity, is critical for the development of the axonal blueprint. We previously showed that expression of Celsr3 is necessary to establish forebrain connections such as the anterior commissure and thalamocortical and corticospinal tracts. The requirement for Celsr3 during hippocampal wiring and its action in the hippocampus remain largely un...

BACKGROUND Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a sporadic neurodegenerative disease. According to the clinical presentation a parkinsonian type and a cerebellar type (MSA-C) are distinguished. OBJECTIVE To study the morphological alterations of MSA-C-affected brains in vivo using voxel-based morphometric analysis of magnetic resonance images. SETTING University hospital. PATIENTS Fourteen pa...

In ungulates, very little is known about target areas of the fibers arising in the sensori-motor cortex. King" and Bagley", using the Marchi method, independently reported on projections from the cortical areas which they identified as motor areas by histological and/or electrophysiological methods. Besides the pyramidal tract, the latter author" described that a cortico-tegmental tract (bundle...

OBJECTIVE Stroke survivors with motor deficits often have pyramidal tract atrophy caused by degeneration of corticospinal fibers. The authors hypothesized that the degree of atrophy correlates with severity of motor impairment in patients with chronic stroke and predicts the response to rehabilitation training. METHODS They performed a post hoc analysis of 42 hemiparetic patients (>6 months) ...

Recent applications of diffusion tensor (DT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in primary progressive (PP) multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have contributed to the understanding of the nature of the damage in the grey and white matter (WM) of the brain (1). Nevertheless, correlations with clinical disability are weak. Regional studies have shown promising results, when DT-derived metrics were av...

objective(s):this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of maternal morphine exposure during gestational and lactation period on pyramidal neurons of hippocampus in 18 and 32 day mice offspring. materials and methods: thirty female mice were randomly allocated into cases and controls. in case group, animals received morphinesulfate 10 mg/kg.body weight intraperitoneally during 7 days bef...

Using a preparation method composed of secondary chromic acid fixation, nitrocellulose embedding and Luxol fast blue-PAS-hematoxylin stain (a discriminative staining method) for the purpose of axonal discrimination, we examined 43 human spinal cords (31 males and 12 females) at the C5 level to find the differences due to gender and aging in axons of the lateral corticospinal tract. These result...