A 74-year-old female was diagnosed as having xanthinuria by measurement of the uric acid level in plasma, purine bases in urine and activity of xanthine oxidase in the duodenal mucosa. The determination of the urinary excretion of purine bases in her family demonstrated a slightly increased urinary excretion of oxypurines in her younger brother, suggesting that he was a heterozygote. The pyrazi...

Electronic and optical properties of 2D models of graphene, boron nitride (BN), silicene, SiC, and phosphorene functionalized with pyrazinamide (PZA), a front line antitubercular chemotherapeutic, are investigated using cluster models and density functional theory with van der Waals dispersion corrections and including solvent effects. PZA favors covalent functionalization onto silicene and SiC...

Case report A ten years old boy was admitted for pleural tuberculosis (negative cultures, positive quantiferon assay, and father under treatment for tuberculosis). On the tenth day of treatment with isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide he develloped an exuberant urticarial rash, facial oedema, fever, myalgias, oliguria and, later, conjunctival hyperemia. Laboratory results included low platel...

Pyrazinamidase (PncA) activates the first-line antituberculous drug pyrazinamide into pyrazinoic acid. The crystal structure of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis PncA protein has been determined, showing significant differences in the substrate binding cavity when compared to the pyrazinamidases from Pyrococcus horikoshii and Acinetobacter baumanii. In M. tuberculosis, this region was found to hol...

Traditionally, patients with rifampicin-resistant (RR) or multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are treated with a combination of second-line drugs, usually for 18 months or more [1]. Recently, World Health Organization (WHO) recommended a shorter and cheaper treatment regimen for MDR-TB [2]. Standardized shorter MDR-TB regimen consists of seven drugs and a treatment duration of 9-12 month...

Treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis is hindered by the high toxicity and poor efficacy of second-line drugs. New compounds must be used together with existing drugs, yet clinical trials to optimize combinations of drugs for drug-resistant tuberculosis are lacking. We conducted an extensive review of existing in vitro, animal, and clinical studies involving World Health Organization-defined...

Quinazolinone is a compound made up of two fused six member simple aromatic rings-benezene and pyrimidine ring and have been reported to posses versatile type of biological activities such as anticancer, anticonvulsant, antiinflammatory, antihelminthic, antimicrobial activities. A series of novel substituted[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5c]quinazolinone derivatives (K11-19) were synthesized by mannich reac...

The effects of low extracellular pH and intracellular accumulation of weak organic acids were compared with respect to fatty acid synthesis by whole cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis. The profile of fatty acids synthesized during exposure to benzoic, nicotinic, or pyrazinoic acids, as well as that observed during intracellular hydrolysis of the corresponding amides...

The success of a twice-weekly regimen of streptomycin plus isoniazid, reported earlier from the Tuberculosis Chemotherapy Centre, Madras, prompted an investigation at the Centre of various once-weekly regimens of chemotherapy. In this context, a pilot study was undertaken in 19 patients to assess the toxicity of high-dosage pyrazinamide (70 mg/kg of body-weight), when administered once weekly, ...

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major public health challenge, with an estimated 480000 new cases emerging globally each year [1]. Treatment success rates using the 20-month conventional World Health Organization (WHO) regimen have been low, being about 52% in 2013 [1]. Observational studies in Bangladesh and several African countries have shown success rates of 84% using a short...