Drying process is commonly used to allow long time storage of valuable porcini mushrooms (Boletus edulis). Although considered a stable product dried porcini flavour changes during storage. Monitoring of volatile compounds during shelf life may help to understand the nature of the observed changes. In the present work two mass spectrometric techniques were used to monitor the evolution of volat...

In this research, by a simple and modified method, nanoporous of Ni(II) ion loaded Y-type zeolite (NNZ) was designed and applied as a novel highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of quinoxalines, pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazines, and indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines 3a-s. These heterocycles were obtained through a one-pot condensation reaction of aryl-1,2-diamines with 1,2-dik...

The utilization of green chemistry techniques is dramatically reducing chemical waste and reaction times as has recently been proven in several organic syntheses and chemical transformations. To illustrate these advantages in the synthesis of bioactive heterocycles, we have studied various environmentally benign protocols that involve greener alternatives. Microwave (MW) irradiation of neat rea...

The perception of exogenous chemical substances, olfactory navigation and the use of the olfactory sense by birds to search for food are reviewed. Many results suggest that the olfactory sense is one of the important components of the navigation system in birds. The olfactory mechanisms used by homing pigeons to navigate homeward from distant sites have been well studied. The scent of potential...

Roasting is an important coffee processing step to generate aroma and flavor. Because roasting time-temperature dependent, the variation of time temperature applied may influence structural properties, visual appearance, chemistry coffee. Improper creates roast defects that reduce quality acceptance. Despite this importance, studies on defects, particularly in Robusta limited. This study aims c...