The theory of approximate solution lacks development in the area of nonlinear q-difference equations. One of the difficulties in developing a theory of series solutions for the homogeneous equations on time scales is that formulas for multiplication of two q-polynomials are not easily found. In this paper, the formula for the multiplication of two q-polynomials is presented. By applying the obt...

this article is devoted to the study of existence and multiplicity of positive solutions to aclass of nonlinear fractional order multi-point boundary value problems of the type−dq0+u(t) = f(t, u(t)), 1 < q ≤ 2, 0 < t < 1,u(0) = 0, u(1) =m−2∑ i=1δiu(ηi),where dq0+ represents standard riemann-liouville fractional derivative, δi, ηi ∈ (0, 1) withm−2∑i=1δiηi q−1 < 1, and f : [0, 1] × [0, ∞) → [0, ∞...

The modular representation theory of the queer Lie superalgebra q(n) over characteristic p > 2 is developed. We obtain a criterion for the irreducibility of baby Verma modules with semisimple p-characters χ and a criterion for the semisimplicity of the corresponding reduced enveloping algebras Uχ(q(n)). A (2p)-power divisibility of dimensions of q(n)-modules with nilpotent p-characters is estab...

This article establishes the algebraic covering theory of quandles. For every connected quandle Q with base point q ∈ Q, we explicitly construct a universal covering p : (Q̃, q̃) → (Q,q). This in turn leads us to define the algebraic fundamental group π1(Q,q) := Aut(p) = {g ∈ Adj(Q)′ | qg = q}, where Adj(Q) is the adjoint group of Q. We then establish the Galois correspondence between connected c...

The standard central limit theorem plays a fundamental role in Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics. This important physical theory has been generalized [1] in 1988 by using the entropy Sq = 1− P i p q i q−1 (with q ∈ R) instead of its particular BG case S1 = SBG = − P i pi ln pi. The theory which emerges is usually referred to as nonextensive statistical mechanics and recovers the standard th...

Let ZF denote the Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory and ZFI the theory obtained from it by the addition of an axiom which asserts the existence of at least one inaccessible number. If ZF is consistent then ZFI contains number-theoretic theorems which are not theorems of ZF, e.g. the arithmetical sentence which asserts the consistency of ZF—Con(ZF). Mostowski [4] introduced a sentence of the theory of...

In this paper, we address the problem of convergence to Nash equilibria in games with rewards that are initially unknown and must be estimated over time from noisy observations. These games arise in many real-world applications, whenever rewards for actions cannot be prespecified and must be learned online, but standard results in game theory do not consider such settings. For this problem, we ...

Q-ball configuration that represents oscillating or spinning closed membrane is constructed via M(atrix) theory. Upon gravitational collapse Q-balls are expected to form Schwarzschild black holes. For quasi-static spherical membrane, we probe spacetime geometry induced by monopole moment via D0-parton scattering off the Q-ball. We find a complete agreement with long distance potential calculate...

The theory of Fermion oscillators has two essential ingredients: zero-point energy and Pauli exclusion principle. We devlop the theory of the statistical mechanics of generalized q-deformed Fermion oscillator algebra with inclusion principle (i.e., without the exclusion principle), which corresponds to ordinary fermions with Pauli exclusion principle in the classical limit q → 1. Some of the re...

This article is devoted to the study of existence and multiplicity of positive solutions to a class of nonlinear fractional order multi-point boundary value problems of the type−Dq0+u(t) = f(t, u(t)), 1 < q ≤ 2, 0 < t < 1,u(0) = 0, u(1) =m−2∑ i=1δiu(ηi),where Dq0+ represents standard Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative, δi, ηi ∈ (0, 1) withm−2∑i=1δiηi q−1 < 1, and f : [0, 1] × [0, ∞) → [0, ...