نتایج جستجو برای: qnr
تعداد نتایج: 372 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The development of melanocytes, which are pigment-producing cells responsible for skin, hair, and eye color, is absolutely dependent on the action of the microphthalmia basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) transcription factor (Mi); mice lacking a functional Mi protein are entirely devoid of pigment cells. Mi has been shown to activate transcription of the tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, a...
The incidence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) has been increasing worldwide, but screening criteria for detection of ESBLs are not standardized for AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae such as Enterobacter species. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of ESBLs and/or AmpC β-lactamases in Japanese clinical isolates of Enterobacter spp. and the association of plasmid-mediated quin...
Inappropriate use of antibiotics in clinical settings is thought to have led to the global emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of genes encoding aminoglycoside resistance and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance among clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. All K. pneumoniae isolates were phenotypically identified ...
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterize fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella and determine whether the qnr and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes could contribute to sporadic shigellosis at the clinic in the Hangzhou area of China. METHODS A total of 202 strains of Shigella (79 Shigella sonnei and 123 Shigella flexneri ) isolated from sporadic cases of shigellosis from 1998 to 2007 were analysed ...
BACKGROUND Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (PMQR) have been shown to play not only an important role in quinolone resistance, but also resistance to other antibiotics, particularly β-lactams and aminoglycosides. These genes are mainly associated with clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. However, detection of PMQR genes in the community isolates can increase the dissemination rat...
Plasmid-mediated qnr genes provide only a modest decrease in quinolone susceptibility but facilitate the selection of higher-level resistance. In Escherichia coli strain J53 without qnr, ciprofloxacin resistance often involves mutations in the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase. Mutations in gyrA were absent, however, when 43 mutants with decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility were selected from J53(pM...
مقدمه و هدف: اشریشیا کلی انتروپاتوژن یکی از عوامل عمده اسهال در کشورهای توسعه نیافته و در حال توسعه می باشد که گاهی موجب بیماری شدید و یا حتی مرگ خصوصا در کودکان می شود. سروگروه ها و الگوی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی این باکتری ها در نواحی جغرافیایی مختلف، متفاوت می باشد. آگاهی از الگوی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی آن ها و ژن های دخیل در ایجاد مقاومت، جهت به کارگیری مناسب آنتی بیوتیک ها ضروری است. این مطا...
Let Qnr be the graph with vertex set {?1,1}n in which two vertices are joined if their Hamming distance is at most r. The edge-isoperimetric problem for that: For every (n,r,M) such that 1?r?n and 1?M?2n, determine minimum edge-boundary size of a subset given M. In this paper, we apply different approaches to prove bounds problem. first approach linear programming second probabilistic. Our boun...
Determination of Pentapeptide Repeat Units in Qnr Proteins by the Structure-Based Alignment Approach
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