Wormhole attacks, as a devastating type of threats in wireless mesh networks, have received much attention in recent years. This paper proposes a type of wormhole attack model and its corresponding detection scheme. In this scheme, the combination of a number of techniques, such as distributed voting, watch-nodes-based detection and identity-based cryptosystem are used. The simulation results a...

Basic organic drugs were extracted into ethanol from urine saturated with potassium carbonate. Drugs in this concentrate were purified by extraction into ether at pH 8.5. The ether extract was evaporated and applied to several thin-layer chromatograms. Functional-group detection was used in qualitative and semiquantitative analysis of the developed chromatograms by spraying the plates sequentia...

A theory of qualitative kinematics is required for qualitative reasoning about the motion of objects in space . Such reasoning is important for many physical problem-solving tasks, such as design or robot plan ning. The practicality of earlier work has been limited by the complexity and non-compositionality of computing with configuration space constraints . This paper describes a much more eff...

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection was monitored retrospectively by qualitative determination of immediate-early (IE) mRNA by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) in a series of 51 bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients. The qualitative results for IE mRNA obtained by NASBA were compared with those obtained by prospective quantitation of HCMV viremia and antigenemia and retros...

This paper has made a qualitative and quantitative analysis by establishing the tunnel fault tree and giving the minimal cut sets of the faults in tunnel, and tested the data in tunnel combined with artificial neural network. The fault detection mechanism in this article has been simulated by MatLab and processed a lot of the actual data through the tunnel operating history. Experimental result...

A method is described for the detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by using latex particles coated with antigens of the organism. An excellent qualitative agreement was noted when the latex method was compared with other tests for the detection of IgM toxoplasma antibodies. The method is simple and inexpensive to perform and does not require the use of whole kille...