To think quantitatively about comovement, we specify the model of Section I. We use a CES production function for one final good. 42 Thus, we can solve the structure of this economy in closed form, and quantify its comovement. Our model differs in a series of small ways from 43 Its main virtue is that it is solvable in closed form, so that the mechanisms are fairly transparent.

To control quality in supply chain, this paper presents multi-period, dynamic game models in principal-agent theory, which are opposite to static, single period game models. The research comes from industrial practice and the conclusions are more operational and feasible in theory. Finally, the research is applied into two famous companies in different industries and shows good effectiveness. m...

We consider a problem faced by a contract assembler that both assembles finished goods and procures the associated component parts for one of its major customers. Because of rapid changes in technology and ongoing engineering changes, all parts subject to obsolescence are purchased only for the current customer order. The procurement lead times of the components are random. Moreover, although t...

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has been recognized as a promising way to assist future wireless communications due to its high flexibility of deployment and scheduling. In this paper, we focus on temporarily deployed UAVs that provide downlink data offloading in some regions under a macro base station (MBS). Since the manager of the MBS and the operators of the UAVs could be of different interes...

The study addresses the impact of flexibility on the bullwhip effect, i.e. the increase of demand variability moving upstream along the SC. With this aim, a three stages SC is investigated, where producers/suppliers/retailers are connected by appropriate inventories. A reorder quantity ROQ (constant time interval) as stock policy has been adopted. The analysis takes into consideration two extre...

Sources of law in commercial contracts are importance because rights and obligations contractual parties derived from such sources. regularly considered to be legal acts, customs case law. However, due their flexibility the freedom contract, autonomous stands out as a source contracts. Such law, addition will parties, includes customs, codified practice established between general terms contrac...

In open electricity market, electricity purchasers will trade in two different ways of marketing. Contract and power auction market, a typical decisionmaking is how to determine purchasing proportion of two markets to reduce purchase expenses and avoid risks. Based on chance-constrained programming, a new purchase decision-making optimization model with stochastic constraint of Distribution Com...

A large proportion of consumer returns fall into the category of false failure returns, which refer to returns without functional defects. In this paper, we consider profits resulting from exerting costly effort to reduce false failure returns in a reverse supply chain. The supply chain as a whole has a strong incentive to reduce such returns for cost saving. However, retailers typically enjoy ...

In this paper, the coordination of pricing and periodic review inventory decisions in a supplier-retailer supply chain (SC) is proposed. In the investigated SC, the retailer faces a stochastic price dependent demand and determines the review period, order-up-to-level, and retail price. On the other hand, the supplier decides on the replenishment multiplier. Firstly, the decentralized and centra...

In this paper, an inventory model for deterioration items in a two-echelon supply chain including one retailer and one manufacturer is proposed by considering the stock and price dependent demand and capacity constraint for holding inventories. First, the model is presented as a leader-follower game in which the manufacturer announces wholesale prices. Second, the retailer decides for the order...