background: radiation shielding properties is an important for a material wish can be used the photon attenuation coefficients of clay produced using different rate of boron have been measured for the purpose of radioactive waste disposal. materials and methods: the measurement has been performed using gamma spectrometer contains nai (tl) detector at the photon energies of 662, 1173 and 1332 ke...

The ATLAS Pixel Detector is the innermost layer of the ATLAS tracking system and will contribute significantly to the ATLAS track and vertex reconstruction. The detector consists of identical sensor-chip-hybrid modules, arranged in three barrels in the centre and three disks on either side for the forward region. The position of the Pixel Detector near the interaction point requires excellent r...

This paper presents a software simulation package of the entire X-ray projection radiography process including beam generation, absorber structure and composition, irradiation set up, radiation transport through the absorbing medium, image formation and dose calculation. Phantoms are created as composite objects from geometrical or voxelized primitives and can be subjected to simulated irradiat...

High purity germanium (HPGe) detectors are ubiquitous in nuclear physics experiments and are also used in numerous low radioactive background detectors, including the proposed Majorana experiment. Spatial reconstruction of the location of radiation sources from spectral distortions could be used to locate unwanted backgrounds or “hot-spots” inside the detector shield. The effect of the position...

Background: Human is exposed to radiation in their environment with or without their consent and the exposure to natural background radiation is an unpreventable event on earth. Materials and Methods: An in situ assessment of the indoor and outdoor background radiation in Akwanga and Keffi towns of Nasarawa state Nigeria was carried out using a halogen-quenched Geiger Muller (GM) detector (Insp...

We describe a start-timing detector for the PHENIX experiment at the relativistic heavy-ion collider RHIC. The role of the detector is to detect a nuclear collision, provide precise time information with an accuracy of 50ps, and determine the collision point along the beam direction with a resolution of a few cm. Technical challenges are that the detector must be operational in a wide particle-...

Scanning X-ray microprobes are unique tools for the nanoscale investigation of specimens from the life, environmental, materials and other fields of sciences. Typically they utilize absorption and fluorescence as contrast mechanisms. Phase contrast is a complementary technique that can provide strong contrast with reduced radiation dose for weakly absorbing structures in the multi-keV range. In...

Noise equivalent power and time constant of a submillimeter wave hotelectron bolometer (HEB) made from monolayer graphene are analyzed using the lowest electron-phonon thermal conductance data reported to date. Frequency-domain multiplexed JohnsonNoiseThermometry (JNT) is used for the detector readout. Planar microantennas or waveguides can provide efficient coupling of the graphene microdevice...

BACKGROUND Present study was an attempt to measure outdoor and indoor gamma dose rates in Bushehr city to determine corresponding annual effective dose and, to assess effect of active nuclear power plant located in Bushehr city on background radiation level of this city. METHODS All measurements were performed by G.M (Geiger Muller) detector (X5C plus) calibrated in Iran Atomic Energy Agency....

In the moment of any given imaging task and thus over the lifetime of a detector, the deposition of certain amount of radiation dose in an electronic pixel element is inevitable. This radiation effect can give rise to a change of the pixel-element characteristics such as the leakage current of a photodiode and the threshold voltage of thin-film transistors (TFTs) [1], and which may consequently...