In order to study the radiobiological effects of low dose radiation, microbeam irradiation facilities have been developed in the world. This type of facilities now becomes an essential tool for studying bystander effects and relating signaling phenomena in cells or tissues. This review introduces you available microbeam facilities in Japan and in China, to promote radiobiology using microbeam p...

Modern medicine cannot exist without diagnostic and therapeutic methods that are based on ionizing radiation. Therefore it is necessary to understand interactions between this form of energy living matter make a full use progress in radiobiology. Ionizing radiation widely used for relatively long time, how known, disproportionately huge doses particularly harmful organisms including humans. How...

The "parameter-free", "local effects" theory of Scholz and Kraft is an extension to mammalian cells of the theory of RBE for dry enzymes and viruses of Butts and Katz. Its claim for parameter freedom has been challenged elsewhere. Here we examine its conceptual base and find errors in its use of the physical concept of cross section and its neglect of the radiobiological relationship between ta...

Radiation therapy in breast cancer has evolved dramatically over the past century. It has traveled a long path touching different milestones and taking unprecedented turns. At the end, a fine tune of clinical understanding, skill, technological advancement and translation of radiobiological understanding to clinical outcome has taken place. What all these have given is better survival with qual...