Fluence to Local Skin Dose Conversion Coefficients (LSD-CC) are radiological protection quantities used for external radiation exposures which allow the conversion of particle fluences into local skin equivalent dose. The International Commission on Radiological Protection published LSD-CC electrons with an energy range from 10 keV MeV. However, literature does not address these all types, in p...

Whilst the basic principles for protection of the public in a radiological emergency are well discussed and widely accepted, application of these principles in real intervention practices face serious problems. Radiological information is most complicated to understand and interpret for decision-makers. The paper deals with some of these points when establishing intervention levels, which need ...

These recollections are on ionizing radiation programs at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) that started in 1928 and ended in 1988 when NBS became the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The independent Council on Ionizing Radiation Measurements and Standards (CIRMS) was formed in 1992. This article focuses on how measurements and standards for x rays, gamma rays, and el...

In the present day scenario, radiation dose from medical imaging has come under scrutiny both in the medical and public press. This is as a result of the increased cancer risks associated with radiation as well as cases of excess radiation exposure from advance radiological equipment like CT scans. Therefore, this study assessed doctors’ knowledge on patients’ radiation doses during radiologica...