49 All these systems have an important common feature: they are safety-critical and must therefore be developed according to the highest safety integrity level (SIL4), as defined in the standards applicable to the railway industry (CENELEC 50126, 50128, 50129, Railway Applications Standards [RAMS, software and electronics]). Apart from being suitable for safety-critical operation, railway syste...

the space structure that governs cities has depended on several corresponding relations and various factors which consist of: population, job and activities, transportation patterns, urban sub-structures, various services and etc that always were connected to each other and have formed its space structure. but since these relations are more complicated in big cities, the importance of paying at...

The occurrences of accidents on the railways are inevitable in today’s world and the factors which may cause it, except the atmospheric and accidental ones, are identified and preventable as well. Therefore, these factors can be investigated and useful actions can be performed in order to reduce these accidents. The main impetus of the present research is the statistical analysis of the causes ...

In recent years, there have been requirments for a transport environment that will foster comfortable and safe town development. Studies on urban activities in aging societies with falling birthrates and effective use of public transport modes in addressing environmental problems have become particularly important issues. Public transport is of great importance, especially from the perspective ...

JR EAST Technical Review-No.5 The JR East Group developed an AC Train prototype (Series E993 type train) towards the formation of the next generation of commuter and suburban trains. This train was the first commuter and suburban train for the JR East Group to employ the articulated method, a method that was adopted in order to improve passenger services and reduce the life cycle cost. In contr...

Transition zones in railway tracks are locations with considerable changes in the rail-supporting structure. Typically, they are located near engineering structures, such as bridges, culverts and tunnels. In such locations, severe differential settlements often occur due to the different material properties and structure behavior. Without timely maintenance, the differential settlement may lead...

One of the characteristics of public transport is the need for transfers. During transfers, travellers are pedestrian wayfinders and have to find their way from the place of arrival to the place of departure of another means of transport. Wayfinding in public transport takes place in two types of spaces: network space and scene space. Network space includes the transport network. Scene space co...