An examination of potential advantages of cell-site diversity with selection combining in the context of mm-wave fixed cellular systems is reported. The study involved simulation of converging radio links over weather radar images of the radar reflectivity factor, from which the specific attenuation of rain at 30 GHz was derived. The average correlation of attenuation on two converging links as...

The precipitation efficiency of cumulus congestus clouds is investigated with a new Lagrangian particle framework for large-eddy simulations. The framework is designed to track particles representative of individual water molecules. AMonte Carlo approach facilitates the transition of particles between the different water classes (e.g., vapor, rain, or graupel). With this framework, it is possib...

In cellular wireless CDMA systems, it is required that the base station receives constant power signals from mobile users, in order to guarantee link quality. This is achieved by properly adjusting the uplink transmitted power of each mobile. Usually, the base station is responsible for informing each individual mobile of the power adjustment. However, when the radio channel varies drastically ...

The impacts of building envelope designs are significant on indoor thermal environment, especially for naturally ventilated buildings. Parametric façade studies were investigated for various orientations, window sizes and shading devices by using building simulation (ESP-r) and CFD (FLUENT) coupling program to predict indoor thermal environment in an accurate and quick way. Two typical weeks we...

p. 14679, l. 21: The reviewer is right by stating that a diagnostic treatment of snow is especially worrisome because of lower fall speed of snow and of the larger distances from the cloud to the surface. We are aware of that and the extension of the prognostic treatment to snow is work in progress. But as the current study focuses on warm rain processes and the effect of Giant CCN (like sea sa...

Van Loon, E. E., 2001. Overland flow: interfacing models with measurements. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, The Netherlands. 185 pp, 75 figs, 39 tables, 5 appendices. This study presents new techniques to identify scale-dependent overland flow models and use these for ensemble-based predictions. The techniques are developed on the basis of overland flow, rain, discharge, soil, vegetation and...

This effort continues a study of the effects of rain, over the oceans, on the signal retrieved by the SeaWinds scatterometer. It is determined that the backscatter radar cross section can be used to estimate the volumetric rain rate, averaged horizontally, across the surface resolution cells of the scatterometer. The dual polarization of the radar has a key role in developing this capability. T...

This paper presents a method to estimate optical flow under rainy scenes. Optical flow estimation in the rainy scenes is considered challenging due to background degradation introduced by rain streaks and rain accumulation effects in the scene. Rain accumulation effect refers to poor visibility of remote object due to the intense rainfall. Most existing optical flow methods are erroneous when a...

Brightness temperatures at 22.234, 23.834 and 30 GHz and corresponding rain rates were measured using a ground based radiometer and a fast response optical rain gauge co-located with the radiometer during the year 2009 at Cauchuria, Paulista (22.57 0 S, 89 0 W), Brazil. A statistical analysis reveals that the number of occurrences goes beyond 200 times for rain rate up to 15 mm/hr. It was obser...

The Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) onboard the Metop satellite series is designed to measure the ocean surface wind vectors globally. Generally, ASCAT provides wind products at excellent quality. The quality of the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) derived winds is known to be generally degraded with increasing values of the inversion residual or maximum likelihood estimator (MLE). In the current ...