Cryptocurrencies are said to be very risky, and so the currencies of emerging economies, including South African rand. The steady rise in movement Africans’ investments between rand BitCoin warrants an investigation as which two is riskier. In this paper, Generalised Pareto Distribution (GPD) model employed estimate Value at Risk (VaR) Expected Shortfall (ES) for exchange rates, BitCoin/US doll...

Veterans of the 1991 Persian Gulf War have reported a variety of physical and psychological symptoms, some of which remain unexplained. In an eff ort to do everything possible to understand and explain the illnesses, inform veterans and the public, and recommend changes in Department of Defense (DoD) policies and procedures to minimize such problems in the future, the Secretary of Defense in 19...

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We present a new sample of Parkes half-Jansky flat-spectrum radio sources having made a particular effort to find any previously unidentified sources. The sample contains 323 sources selected according to a flux limit of 0.5 Jy at 2.7GHz, a spectral index measured between 2.7 and 5.0GHz of α2.7/5.0 > −0.5, where S(ν) ∝ ν , Galactic latitude |b| > 20◦ and −45◦ < Declination (B1950) < +10◦. The s...

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In this paper, the generalised extreme value distribution (GEVD) model is employed to estimate financial risk in form of return levels and at (VaR) for two exchange rates, BitCoin/US dollar (BTC/USD) South African rand/US (ZAR/USD). The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) responsible developing supervisory guidelines banks trading desks recommended that VaR be computed reported. maxim...

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Fall/Winter 2011 • volume xviii, issue 1 Copyright © 2011 by the Brown Journal of World Affairs Martin Libicki is a senior management scientist at the RAND Corporation, where he focuses on the impact of information technology on security. Prior to joining RAND in 1998, he worked at the National Defense University. He also teaches at Georgetown University and the U.S. Naval Academy. The Nature o...