Five clinically normal chickens from three farms (farm A, farm B, and farm C), for a total of 15 clinically normal chickens, were examined bacteriologically. In a similar manner, five dead chickens with lesions of peritonitis from each of the same three commercial egg-laying operations were selected for bacterial culturing. Escherichia coli were isolated from the cloaca in 14 of 15 healthy chic...

Poultry are domesticated species of birds. Birds were domesticated for eggs (chickens, ducks and geese), meat (chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, ostriches, emus, pigeons and game birds) or other uses including feathers (ostriches, ducks and geese), leather (ostriches), specific oils (ostriches, emus), cock-fighting (chickens) and homing (pigeons). Table 1 summarizes the approximate time when and...

Abstract The new challenges related to the monitoring of Earth’s shape and motion have led global geodetic observing system set more stringent requirements on precision stability terrestrial reference frame (TRF). achievement this ambitious goal depends improvement space geodesy techniques, satellite laser ranging (SLR) in particular, being main instrument for TRF realization. In work, we study...

The response time to cimaterol (CIM), a beta-adrenergic agonist, by broiler chickens for carcass characteristics, muscle composition, muscle fiber size, catheptic enzyme activity, and tenderness was determined. Two trials were conducted in which chickens were fed a control diet (CON) containing 0 ppm of CIM or a diet containing 1 ppm of CIM. Trial 1 consisted of 55, 31-d-old broiler chickens in...

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) cause lethal infection in chickens. Severe cases of HPAIV infections have been also reported in mammals, including humans. In both mammals and birds, the relationship between host cytokine response to the infection with HPAIVs and lethal outcome has not been well understood. In the present study, the highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses A/...

We analyzed five H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) isolated from different birds in 2012 in China. Based on whole-genome sequences, we divided the viruses into four genotypes. The DKE26, GSE43, and DKE53 viruses belonged to Genotypes 1-3, respectively. The CKE93 and CKE96 viruses were classified into Genotype 4. Genotypes 1-3 correspond to the viruses containing the HA gene of clade 2.3.2, an...

Two candidate formalin-inactivated vaccines, made from high-growth reassortant viruses with the HA and NA genes from avian viruses in a background of genes derived from A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8), were prepared against H5N1 and H9N2 subtypes (designated as H5N1/PR8 and H9N2/PR8, respectively). These viruses bear the genotypes, antigenicity, and attenuation in mouse models that are desirable in ca...

Four Thai synthetic chicken lines (Kaen Thong, Khai Mook Esarn, Soi Nin, and Soi Pet) originated from Thai native and exotic commercial chickens were evaluated for their growth and carcass traits with the purpose of developing a Thai broiler breeding program. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) gene is known to play an important role in growth, proliferation and differentiation. Consequently, ...

The present study was designed to examine the anatomical parameters of the cardiopulmonary system, the function of venous blood gas parameters and the development of ascites incidence in two genetic line chickens. Three hundred forty day-old chickens from two pure broiler breeder lines, which were different in their growth rate and susceptibility to ascites syndrome were obtained. The relative ...