background : colorectal cancer is the second cause of mortality in developed countries. the p53gene and some of it's polymorphisms are among the causes for cancer development.the purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the p53 codon 72 polymorphism in colorectal adenocarcinoma specimens compared with controls. materials and methods : we performed a case-control study among...

The rare codons AGG and AGA comprise 2% and 4%, respectively, of the arginine codons of Escherichia coli K-12, and their cognate tRNAs are sparse. At tandem occurrences of either rare codon, the paucity of cognate aminoacyl tRNAs for the second codon of the pair facilitates peptidyl-tRNA shifting to the +1 frame. However, AGG_AGG and AGA_AGA are not underrepresented and occur 4 and 42 times, re...

Certain polymorphic variants of H-ras-1 and p53 have been investigated for an association between inheritance and cancer risk. The results of a metaanalysis, which reviews studies of H-ras-1 rare alleles and p53 codon 72 allelic variants in breast and lung cancer, are presented. The data constituted evidence for elevated risk of both breast and lung cancer with inheritance of rare H-ras-1 allel...

With increases in the amounts of available DNA sequence data, it has become increasingly important to develop tools for comprehensive systematic analysis and comparison of species-specific characteristics of protein-coding sequences for a wide variety of genomes. In the present study, we used a novel neural-network algorithm, a self-organizing map (SOM), to efficiently and comprehensively analy...

these are notes from introductory survey lectures given at the institute for studies in theoretical physics and mathematics (ipm), teheran, in 2008 and 2010. we present the definition and the fundamental properties of fomin-zelevinsky’s cluster algebras. then, we introduce quiver representations and show how they can be used to construct cluster variables, which are the canonical generators of ...

Two Chinese patients with mild and moderate hemoglobin (Hb) H disease were investigated for rare mutations in the α-globin genes (HBA1, HBA2) in addition to --(SEA) deletion. One patient was a 41-year old man with mild anemia (Hb 11.3 g/dl). Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) revealed a rare 2392-base deletion involving the entire HBA1. Mapping by gap-polymerase chain react...

Mutations of hepcidin are a rare cause of juvenile hemochromatosis (JH). We report a homozygous -25G>A mutation in the hepcidin 5' untranslated region (UTR) that generates a new start codon with a consequent frameshift. In this patient with a rare coincidental association of JH, Turner syndrome, and absolute lymphopenia, the absence of normal hepcidin synthesis was expected. Surprisingly, the p...

Data partitioning, the combined phylogenetic analysis of homogeneous blocks of data, is a common strategy used to accommodate heterogeneities in complex multilocus data sets. Variation in evolutionary rates and substitution patterns among sites are typically addressed by partitioning data by gene, codon position, or both. Excessive partitioning of the data, however, could lead to overparameteri...