We investigate the long-term web structure emerging in evolutionary food web models when different types of functional responses are used. We find that large and complex webs with several trophic layers arise only if the population dynamics is such that it allows predators to focus on their best prey species. This can be achieved using modified Lotka-Volterra or Holling/Beddington functional re...

To improve understanding of the complex and variable patterns of predator foraging behavior in natural systems, it is critical to determine how density-dependent predation and predator hunting success are mediated by alternate prey or predator interference. Despite considerable theory and debate seeking to place predator-prey interactions in a more realistic context, few empirical studies have ...

We report an implementation for the computation of optical rotations within the Amsterdam Density Functional program package. The code is based on time-dependent density functional response theory. Optical rotations have been calculated for a test set of 36 organic molecules with various density functionals, and employing basis sets of different quality. The results obtained in this work with n...

the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum (harris) is one of the most important pests of pea throughout the world.host stage preference under choice and no-choice tests and age-specific functional response of praon volucre (haliday) parasitizing a. pisum were investigated. the experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 1 °c, 60 ± 5% rh and a photoperiod of 14: 10 h (l: d). functi...

background: stimulants addition and abuse can cause some functional and morphological changes in the normal function of glands and hormones. methamphetamine as an addictive stimulant drug affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis and consequently makes some changes in the psychological state of the drug users. the present study aims to examine the relationship between plasma levels ...

Linear-response time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) can describe excitonic features in the optical spectra of insulators and semiconductors, using exchange-correlation (xc) kernels behaving as $-1/k^{2}$ to leading order. We show how excitons be modeled real-time TDDFT, an xc vector potential constructed from approximate, long-range corrected kernels. demonstrate for various materi...

Prior measures of the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) responses to a memory-encoding task within the medial temporal lobe have suggested that the coupling between functional changes in CBF and changes in the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO(2)) may be tighter in the medial temporal lobe as compared to the primary sensory areas. In this study, we use...

common pistachio psylla, agonoscena pistaciae burckardt and lauterer (hemiptera: aphalaridae) is one of the economical pest among the pistachio orchards. the adonis' ladybird, hippodamia variegata (goeze) (col: coccinellidae) is one of the most prominent coccinellid predator in pistachio orchards. it is omnivorous and feed on aphids and psylla. functional response studies using a suitable ...

BACKGROUND Emergent studies show that similar to other substances of abuse, cue-reactivity to cannabis is also associated with neural response in the brain's reward pathway (Filbey et al., 2009). However, the inter-relatedness of brain regions during cue-reactivity in cannabis users remains unknown. METHODS In this study, we conducted a series of investigations to determine functional connect...