First results are presented from the deployment of the NCAR Raman-Shifted Eye-Safe Aerosol Lidar (REAL) in the Owens Valley of California during the Terrain-Induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX) in March and April 2006. REAL operated in range–height indicator (RHI) and plan position indicator (PPI) scanning modes to observe the vertical and horizontal structures of the aerosol and cloud distribution...

Introduction: Most of the cratered uplands of Mars are dissected by networks of branching valleys, whose evolutionary history is still controversial [e.g. 1, 2]. The valleys show branching patterns closely analogous to terrestrial fluvial valleys, which may indicate that the valleys were cut primarily by surface runoff after precipitation [2]. However, short, stubby tributaries and amphitheater...

We show that inversion symmetry breaking together with spin-orbit coupling leads to coupled spin and valley physics in monolayers of MoS2 and other group-VI dichalcogenides, making possible controls of spin and valley in these 2D materials. The spin-valley coupling at the valence-band edges suppresses spin and valley relaxation, as flip of each index alone is forbidden by the valley-contrasting...

We established a theoretical framework for studying nonequilibrium networks with two distinct natures essential for characterizing the global probabilistic dynamics: the underlying potential landscape and the corresponding curl flux. We applied the idea to a biochemical oscillation network and found that the underlying potential landscape for the oscillation limit cycle has a distinct closed ri...

Low-level, constant volnme balloon (tetroon) flights made from Yucca Flat i n the Nevada Proving Grounds of the Atomic Energy Cornrnission are utilized t o yield a 1 1 estimate of the nature and magnitude of vertical air motions in desert areas. It is found that during the day thc tetroons osci1l;ttc. as nluch as 10,000 feet in the vertical with vertical velocities often exceeding 5 kt., whrrca...

After a period of heavy rainfall, an outbreak of Rift Valley fever occurred in southern Mauritania during September-November 2012. A total of 41 human cases were confirmed, including 13 deaths, and 12 Rift Valley fever virus strains were isolated. Moudjeria and Temchecket Departments were the most affected areas.

Introduction: Slope streaks on Mars, first observed in Viking Orbiter images [1], were imaged in detail by MGS MOC [2,3], and have been observed to form and change over less than decadal time periods [3]. Typically displaying a low albedo relative to their surroundings, they show no detectable relief, are elongated downslope, usually <200 m in width, and usually extend for distances ranging fro...

The combination of color image and depth map significantly improves the segmentation. The Kinect sensor with pan/tilt motorized movement captures both images and segments them separately by the Grab Cut method. The resulting contours are converted to polar coordinates. After the floor plane detection, corresponding "depth" and "color" contours are combined such that the importance of depth /col...

Past studies have found that the facial width-to-height ratio (FWHR) is associated with a range of traits and behaviors that are possibly important to dyadic negotiations. However, it is unknown whether the FWHR would have an impact on intergroup negotiations, which happen frequently and often have higher stakes in the real world. To examine this question, in the current study, we randomly assi...