The traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) model can evaluate the relative efficiencies of a set of decision making units (DMUs) with ratio scale inputs and outputs, but it cannot handle interval scale data. This study develop an approach to efficiency analysis to deal with both interval-scale data and ratio scale data. This approach introduces a measure of inefficiency and identifies effi...

The main objective of this study is to use Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) intensive observation period (IOP) data to refine a cloudiness parameterization, as proposed by Xu and Randall (1996a). The cloudiness parameterization uses the large-scale average condensate (cloud water and cloud ice) mixing ratio as the primary predictor. The large-scale relative humidity and cumulus mass flux...

Ss lifted pairs of weights simultaneously, one in each hand, and judged either the difference, ratio, or average heaviness of the t\vo weights. Data for the difference and ratio tasks were in general agreement with subtractive and ratio models, but the averaging data showed discrepancies from the constant-weight averaging model similar to those reported in previous psychophysical research. Resc...

background: the role of estrogen and progesterone in stroke is suggested in previous studies, but yet is controversial. objectives: comparing the plasma levels of estrogen and progesterone and their ratio in ischemic stroke patients and healthy population. materials and methods: this cross-sectional comparative study was conducted from march to september of 2013. sixty-six female patients older...

In large eddy simulation (LES), we generally use information of the grid width in representing a filter (Δ) to evaluate subgrid scale (SGS) model. practical applications, however, widths are largely different streamwise and cross-streamwise directions, resulting cells having high aspect ratios. such case, often adopt cube root grid-cell volume for width; i.e., Δ=(ΔxΔyΔz)1/3 Cartesian system. Al...

The current design of negative Poisson’s ratio lattice structures is mainly forward-looking and predominantly dependent on several known deformation patterns. To automate the generation with programmable ratio, study utilized energy homogenization method Solid Isotropic Material Penalization (SIMP) to establish an optimization model for ratio. By proposing a relaxed objective function eliminati...