Based on the fact that recycling of combined filter backwash water (CFBW) directly to drinking water treatment plants (WTP) is considered to be a feasible method to enhance pollutant removal efficiency, we were motivated to evaluate the genotoxicity of water samples from two pilot-scale drinking water treatment systems, one with recycling of combined backwash water, the other one with a convent...

Nanosized-magnetite (MGT) is widely utilized in medicinal and industrial fields; however, its toxicological properties are not well documented. In our previous report, MGT showed genotoxicity in both in vitro and in vivo assay systems, and it was suggested that inflammatory responses exist behind the genotoxicity. To further clarify mechanisms underlying the genotoxicity, a comprehensive DNA ad...

Human faecal waters from 35 healthy non-smoking volunteers (23 from England and 12 from Sweden) consuming their habitual diet were screened for genotoxicity by the single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay using a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (CACO-2) as the target. Hydrogen peroxide induced DNA damage was categorized as low, intermediate or high for tail moments greater than 5, 17 ...

The single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay, also known as the Comet assay, is one of the most promising genotoxicity tests developed in recent years to measure and analyse DNA damage in single cells. The present study was undertaken to assess the in vivo genotoxicity of the synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin in brain ganglia and anterior mid gut of Drosophila melanogaster. Freshly emerged ...

The effects of ozonation on the formation potential of typical disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and the changes of genotoxicity during post chlorination of tertiary effluent from a sewage treatment plant were investigated. Ozonation enhanced the yields of all detected chlorine DBPs except CHCl3. At a chlorine dose of 5 mg/L, the three brominated THMs and five HAAs increased, while chloroform decr...

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism regulating patterns of gene expression. Our goal was to see if the assessment of DNA methylation might be a useful tool, when used in conjunction with initial, basic in vitro tests, to provide a more informative preliminary appraisal of the toxic potential of chemicals to prioritize them for further evaluation. We sought to give better indications of a...

Crude oil is enriched in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Many PAH analogs have proved to potentially damage DNA. DNA damage can be assessed using various biomarkers to find out the degree of genotoxicity of pollutants following in vitro exposure. In this research the comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test were used to detect DNA damages and cytogenetic changes following crude oil expos...

butachlor (n-(butoxymethyl)-2-chloro-n-2, 6-diethylacetanillide) is widely used chloroacetanilide herbicide in asian region, especially in the north of iran. several studies have been reported on toxicity of butachlor, but little information is accessible on dna damaging potential. thus, the present study was undertaken to investigate of dna damage by butachlor in cyprinuscarpio(pisces: cyprini...