In recent decades, there have been substantial increases in crop production in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as a result of higher yields, increased cropping intensity, expansion of irrigated cropping systems, and rainfed cropland expansion. Yet, to date much of the research focus of the impact of climate change on crop production in the coming decades has been on crop yield responses. In this study...

Many plant-associated organisms, including microbes, nematodes, and insects, deliver effector proteins into the apoplast, vascular tissue, or cell cytoplasm of their prospective hosts. These effectors function to promote colonization, typically by altering host physiology or by modulating host immune responses. The same effectors however, can also trigger host immunity in the presence of cognat...

This study examines the response of hydrological processes to different climate change scenarios in Jemma sub-basin Blue Nile Basin. Future near-term (2021–2050) and long-term (2071–2100) were developed from six statistically bias corrected Regional Climate Models (RCMs) under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) scenarios: RCP4.5 RCP8.5. The outputs models used as input a calibrate...

Assessing the impact of climate change on streamflow is crucial for depicting vulnerability water resources and identifying proper adaptation measures. This study used Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate El Kalb river, a major perennial river in Lebanon. The model performance was tested monthly flow at two stations under nine-year calibration period (2003–2011) four-year validation (2...

This study investigated the potential impacts of climate change on water scarcity and hydrological extremes in Yellow River Basin near-term (2026–2050), mid-term (2051–2075), long-term (2076–2100) periods under three combined pathways Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) Representative Concentration (RCPs) SSP1–2.6, SSP2–45, SSP5–8.5 relative to reference period (1986–2010), based runoff simula...

assessing the potential impacts of 21st-century climate change on species distributions and ecological processes requires climate scenarios with sufficient spatial resolution. in this study we projected future changes in maximum temperature and minimum temperature under cmip3 sres and cmip5 rcps scenarios with two station-based datasets (arazkoseh and nodeh) of the eastern golestan province. ch...

Abstract Based on the structure of traditional small caliber APDS (Armor Piercing Discarding Sabot), a novel reactive core projectile (RCP) is proposed to improve damage capability against fuel tank. The penetration processes RCPs impacting partially filled tanks with different angles are investigated by numerical simulation, in which Powder Burn model adopted describe unique impact-induced del...

The present study models the effect of climate change on distribution Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) in Zagros forests, located west Iran. modeling is conducted under current and future climatic conditions by fitting machine learning method Bayesian additive regression tree (BART). For anticipation potential habitats for oak, two general circulation (GCMs) CCSM4 HADGEM2-ES representative ...

Climate change will alter the site conditions for European vegetation. This is likely to shift potential distribution of species and habitats outside its current boundaries. To enable future projections on shifts in vegetation potentials, we fitted a multiclass model natural (PNV) Europe using climatic predictors. The was then applied climate data time slice 2061–2080 with Representative Concen...

Abstract This study investigates the future changes in precipitation extreme indices Lake Urmia Basin during period 2021–2100 compared to base (1987–2016), based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models. Trend analysis was performed using Mann–Kendall test and Sen's estimator. The output of these models downscaled by Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator method for repre...