The impact of oxidative stress upon organismal fitness is most apparent in the phenomenon of obligate anaerobiosis. The root cause may be multifaceted, but the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) likely plays a key role. ROS are formed when redox enzymes accidentally transfer electrons to oxygen rather than to their physiological substrates. In this study, we confirm that ...

it   was   recently   demonstrated   that   5-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)-1,   3,   4-thiadiazoles   with piperazinyl-linked benzamidine substituents are effective in vitro against leishmania major. following on this evidence, we used colorimetric assay of acid phosphatase activity in the promastigotes  as  an  indicator  for  cell  viability.  also  we  studied  the  effect  of  these compounds on ind...

Objective A unique feature of embryo metabolism is production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is well established that during in vitro culture, ROS levels increase over normal ranges observed for embryos developed in vivo. This study evaluates and compares the stepwise pattern of ROS production during in vitro development of reconstructed goat embryos produced by zona-free method of somati...

the cytotoxic chloroform fraction of euphorbia aellenii rech. f. (euphorbiaceae) afforded two new phorbol diterpenoids: 4-deoxy-4α-phorbol-12-(2,3-dimethyl) butyrate-13-isobutyrate and 17-hydroxy-4-deoxy-4α-phorbol-12-(2,3-dimethyl) butyrate-13-isobutyrate. their structures were elucidated by nmr and other spectroscopic methods. the immunomodulating potentials of the isolated compounds were tes...

Free radicals are highly reactive molecules that unstable and have extremely short-short half-life. They derived from either oxygen (reactive species, ROS) or nitrogen RNS) in mitochondria, plasma membrane endoplasmic reticulum due to oxidative stress damage. ROS/RNS physiologically useful at low concentrations responsible for the activation of redox-sensitive signaling pathways, phagocytosis i...

Oxygen is one of the most important molecules on Earth mainly because of the biochemical symmetry of oxygenic photosynthesis and aerobic respiration that can maintain homeostasis within our planet's biosphere. Oxygen can also produce toxic molecules, reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS play a dual role in biological systems, since they can be either harmful or beneficial to living systems. They ...

Electrochemical sensors are ideally suited for the detection of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS RNS) generated during biological processes. This review discusses latest work in development electrochemical microsensors ROS/RNS their applications monitoring oxidative stress systems. The performance recent designs microelectrodes electrode materials is discussed along with functionality ...

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) have long been known to be a component of the killing response of immune cells to microbial invasion. Recent evidence has shown that ROS play a key role as a messenger in normal cell signal transduction and cell cycling. These reactive molecules are formed by a number of different mechanisms and can be detected by various techniques. Here we briefly describe the bi...