Hairy roots have been successfully cultivated in a variety of reactor configurations. Nutrient mist reactors have been found specially suited to grow these roots because of its easy operation, high oxygen concentration, lack of shear, low pressure, ease in manipulating the gas composition, effective gas exchange in a densely growing biomass and ease of scaling up. In present work, a mathematica...

Introduction One of the oldest research reactors was started some forty years ago. WWR-M reactor started operating in December 1959 at St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI) in Gatchina. Since then it has been operating normally without replacement of the tank. Russia's concern for this reactor as a neutron source significantly increased when many research reactors were shut down after...

Abstract The alkali metal heat pipes are the critical transfer elements in pipe cooled reactors. However, there instabilities such as geyser boiling, resulting temperature oscillation and even threatening reactor safety. This work developed a coupled neutronic thermal-mechanical analysis method to analyze effects of boiling oscillations on parameters, e.g., stress, during operation. megawatt Me...

A detailed safety analysis was performed for the inertial confinement fusion reactor OSIRIS. The radioactivity induced in the carbon fabric chamber concrete shield and Flibe breeder is very low allowing for their disposal at the end of the reactor life as Class A low level waste (LLW). The biological dose rate after shutdown behind the reactor biological shield shield is very low (0.11 μ rem/hr...

An adapted bioactive foamed emulsion bioreactor for the treatment of benzene vapor has been developed. In this reactor, bed clogging was resolved by bioactive foam as a substitute of packing bed for interfacial contact of liquid to gaseous phase. The pollutant solubility has been increased using biocompatible organic phase in liquid phase and this reactor can be applied for higher inlet benzene...

The nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) is adapted and used to obtain multiobjective Pareto optimal solutions for three grades of nylon 6 being produced in an industrial semibatch reactor. The total reaction time and the concentration of an undesirable cyclic dimer in the product are taken as two individual objectives for minimization, while simultaneously requiring the attainment of ...

A novel enzymatic reactor was prepared by incorporating SBA-15 nanoparticles into hybrid organic-inorganic monolith and immobilizing trypsin with glutaraldehyde as bridging reagent. Preparation and operation conditions including nanoparticles percentage and residence time were optimized to improve the digestion efficiency. The digestion products were characterized by Matrix Assisted Laser Desor...

Providing a historical overview of 50 years of fusion research, a review of the fundamentals and concepts of fusion and research efforts towards the implementation of a steady state tokamak reactor is presented. In 1990, a steady-state tokamak reactor (SSTR) best utilizing the bootstrap current was developed. Since then, significant efforts have been made in major tokamaks, including JT-60U, ex...

The fusion-fission hybrid system has the potential attractiveness of good safety performances and plenty of fuel compared to the fission reactor system and also easing the requirement of fusion plasma technology. It is a practical path to the early fusion application for energy production. In this paper, a fusion-driven subcritical reactor for energy multiplier, named FDS-EM, is proposed. It ca...

A multiplexed microbioreactor system for parallel operation of multiple microbial fermentation is described. The system includes miniature motors for magnetic stirring of the microbioreactors and optics to monitor the fermentation parameters optical density (OD), dissolved oxygen (DO), and pH, in-situ and in real time. The microbioreactors are fabricated out of poly(methylmethacrylate)(PMMA) an...