-In a substation, a lot of distributed, safety related functions have to be performed. IEC 61850 is intended to replace all wires by serial communication. To achieve this goal IEC 61850 has to fulfill hard real-time criteria. Starting from the definition of these criteria the communication methods of IEC 61850 are investigated. The result shows the feasibility of these methods for interlocking ...

Arterial pseudoaneurysm formation of the genicular vessels following orthopaedic surgery to the knee is an extremely rare occurrence. Here we report the successful management of two cases as a complication of total knee arthroplasty and a tibial interlocking nail, utilising coil embolisation by interventional radiological techniques and negating the need for further surgery. To our knowledge th...

In the railway domain, an interlocking is the system ensuring a safe train traffic inside a station by controlling its active elements such as the switches or the signals. Modern interlockings are configured using particular data, called application data, reflecting the topology of the station and defining the actions that the interlocking can take. The safety of the train traffic relies thereb...

This paper describes concepts being developed for processing events in a rule-based system, to be deployed in an embedded system that is part of a railway interlocking system, used as a safety-motivated secondary software channel. Events are either status notifications or operator commands, both of which operate on elements in a railway interlocking plant. It is shown that an object-oriented hi...

Pyle’s disease is a rare genetic skeletal disorder also known as Metaphyseal dysplasia. A case of 36 yrs old female with fracture supracondylar femur in Pyle’s disease is presented. She had mild facial dysmorphism, dental malformation & mild genu valgum. Skeletal radiology revealed the characteristic Erlenmeyer flask sign at distal femoral and proximal tibial metaphysis. The fracture supracondy...

Methods about removal of intramedullary nail in complicated cases were reported in some literatures but there are no reports about nail removal in the ulna. The authors would like to report such a case and the technique. We removed bone of the inlet site and created another bony window using an osteotome to expose the interlocking screw holes. Only a bony window the size of 2 inter-interlocking...