BACKGROUND CONTEXT Although there are some volunteer collision studies reporting the effects of rear impacts on head and neck kinematics, there are few studies detailing the cervical muscle electromyogram response. Moreover, the effect of a rear impact offset to the left on the resultant muscle responses is unknown. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the response of the cervic...

Automotive drive Shaft is a very important components of vehicle. The present paper focuses on the design of such an automotive drive shat by composite materials. Now a days two pieces steel shaft are used as drive shaft. However, the main advantages of the present design is; only one piece of composite drive shat is possible that fulfil all the requirements of drive shaft. Two different design...

This paper presents a novel real-time crack identification method to determine the position and depth of a transverse open crack on a rotating shaft. A newly developed wireless sensor capable of being mounted directly on the shaft can be employed to monitor acceleration at different points of a shaft in a rotating coordinate system. The vibration parameters obtained from a Finite Element Model ...

Driver assistant systems enhance traffic safety and efficiency. The accurate 3D pose of a front vehicle can help a driver to make the right decision on the road. We propose a novel real‐time system to estimate the 3D pose of the front vehicle. This system consists of two parallel threads: vehicle rear tracking and mapping. The vehicle rear is first identified in the vid...

The Nike KrF laser, with its very uniform focal distributions, has been used at intensities near 1014 W/cm2 to launch shock waves in polystyrene targets. The rear surface visible light emission differed between clear CH targets and targets with a thin (125 nm) Al coating on the rear side. The uncoated CH targets showed a relatively slowly rising emission followed by a sudden fall when the shock...

The large number of rear end collisions due to driver inattention has been identified as a major automotive safety issue. In this paper, we describe a 3-phase vehicle tracking methodology with a single moving camera mounted on the driver’s automobile as input for use in detecting rear vehicles on highways and city streets. In the first phase, vehicle detection, a rear vehicle is detected by sym...

Rapid Prototyping is used in embedded systems design as a means to reduce development time and costs. At an early stage in the development cycle, the specification is implemented in a working protoype, which can be used to test the specification and, in real-time systems, also the timing constraints. The REAR Rapid Prototyping Environment was built as an adaptable target platform for embedded r...

Modern climate change is producing poleward range shifts of numerous taxa, communities and ecosystems worldwide. The response of species to changing environments is likely to be determined largely by population responses at range margins. In contrast to the expanding edge, the low-latitude limit (rear edge) of species ranges remains understudied, and the critical importance of rear edge populat...

Aerodynamic drag is an important factor in vehicles fuel consumption. Pressure drag which is the main component of total drag is a result of boundary layer separation from vehicle surface. Flow control methods are applied to avoid or at least delay separation. Depending upon whether these methods consume energy to control the flow or not, they are called active or passive control methods. In th...