With the increasing amount of sequenced genomes, a comparison of species based on these data becomes more and more interesting. In contrast to the classical approach, where only point mutations were considered, genome rearrangement problems ignore small mutations and only consider large-scale mutations that change the gene order on the chromosomes. This makes these problems a powerful tool when...

one of the major causes of spontaneous abortion before the fourth month of pregnancy is chromosomal abnormalities. we report an unusual case of a familial balanced chromosomal translocation in a consanguineous couple who experienced 4 spontaneous abortions. chromosomal studies were performed on the basis of g-banding technique at high resolution and revealed 46, xx, t (16 6) (p12 q26) and 46, x...

During B cell development, rearrangement and expression of Ig heavy chain (HC) genes promote development and expansion of pre-B cells accompanied by the onset of Ig light chain (LC) variable region gene assembly. To elucidate the signaling pathways that control these events, we have tested the ability of activated Ras expression to promote B cell differentiation to the stage of LC gene rearrang...

AIM Gene rearrangement has an important role in the management of lymphoma. We investigated the rearrangements of B-cell leukaemia/lymphoma 2 (BCL2), BCL6 and Paired homeobox 5 (PAX5) genes in Indonesian follicular lymphoma (FL) patients. METHODS We examined gene rearrangements using various kinds of polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) on 24 patients' peripheral blood DNA. RESULTS BCL2 rearra...

VDJ recombination of T cell receptor and immunoglobulin loci occurs in immature lymphoid cells. Although the molecular mechanisms of DNA cleavage and ligation have become more clear, it is not understood what controls which target loci undergo rearrangement. In interleukin 7 receptor (IL-7R)alpha-/- murine thymocytes, it has been shown that rearrangement of the T cell receptor (TCR)-gamma locus...

During the development of functional T lymphocytes, a variety of genes involved in antigen recognition undergo somatic rearrangement. These include the alpha, beta, and gamma chain genes. Recently a fourth rearranging gene, the delta chain gene, embedded in the alpha chain locus, has been described. We have determined the structure of the beta, gamma, and delta chain genes in 15 cases of T-cell...

BACKGROUND EML4-ALK fusion gene is found in only a small subset (2-6%) of non-small cell lung cancer. There is an urgent need to establish a rational diagnostic algorithm to identify this rare but important fusion in lung cancer. METHODS We performed a comprehensive analysis of EGFR/KRAS mutation and ALK rearrangement in a total of 360 surgically resected lung cancers. ALK rearrangement was e...

An individual B cell expresses only one functional light and one functional heavy chain on the cell surface. This process, termed allelic exclusion, arises as a consequence of the fact that the rearrangement of gene segments to assemble complete variable genes requires that only one functional VwDH:JH and one functional VL]L rearrangement occur in each B cell (1, 2). Presumably a VwDH:JH rearra...

Approximately 6000 specific DNA deletion events occur during development of the somatic macro-nucleus of the ciliate Tetrahymena. The eliminated Tlr1 element is 13 kb or more in length and has an 825 bp inverted repeat near the rearrangement junctions. A functional analysis of the cis -acting sequences required for Tlr1 rearrangement was performed. A construct consisting of the entire inverted ...

The reconstruction of ancestral gene orders based on models of chromosomal rearrangement mechanisms is complicated when some of the input genomes have undergone whole genome duplications followed by fractionation, the massive loss of some or most of the duplicate genes. We describe a reconstruction protocol that uses maximum weight matching in two phases to overcome the fragmented nature of res...