We describe the speciication of communication services, with special emphasis being placed on the use of the Temporal Logic of Actions (TLA) to describe the behaviours involved. We show how, starting from Message Sequence Charts, this temporal logic may be used to describe The Joint Viewing and Tele Operating Service (JVTOS) and its associated functions; and so lead on to the speciication of Qo...

the present study investigates the effect of e-mail on iranian learners of english and focuses on teaching thewriting skillvia e-mail. more specifically, the study investigates (a) whether using e-mail has any statistically significant effect on improving high school students' writing skill, and (b) whether the proficiency level has any relation with students’ writing improvement through using ...

optimal capacitor placement, considering power system loss reduction, voltage profile improvement, line reactive power decrease and power factor correction, is of particular importance in power system planning and control. the distribution system operator calculates the optimal place, number and capacity of capacitors based on two major purposes: active power loss reduction and return on invest...

As functional integration has increased in hand-held consumer devices features such as Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers have been embedded in increasingly more devices in recent years. For example, the train positioning system based on GPS provides an integrated positioning solution which can be used in many rail applications without a cost intensive infrastructure. The network built i...

in this paper an application of cellular learning automata (cla) to vlsi placement is presented. the cla, which is introduced for the first time in this paper, is different from standard cellular learning automata in two respects. it has input and the cell neighborhood varies during the operation of cla. the proposed cla based algorithm for vlsi placement is tested on number of placement proble...