Methods to improve the ELISA test to detect Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis have been explored over several years. Previously, selected recombinant proteins of M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis were found to be immunogenic in cattle with Johne's disease. In the present study, antibody responses of infected and healthy sheep were evaluated using 18 purified recombinant proteins in...

introduction: polyclonal antibodies are required to be affinity purified. improved purification methods of polyclonal antibody provide an opportunity to pick the most purified immunoglobulins as a primary or secondary antibody in immunoassays that are included in many vaccine studies. two common techniques for purifying proteins is salt precipitation and chromatography purification. our work fo...

OBJECTIVES Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are one of the primary causes of diarrhea in newborn calves and in humans, pigs, and sheep. IgY technology has been identified as a promising alternative to generating a mass amount of specific antibody for use in immunotherapy and immunodiagnostics. The purpose of this study was to produce specific antibody by egg yolk antibody (IgY) t...

For many applications, antibodies need to be engineered toward maximum affinity. Strategies are in demand to especially optimize this process toward slower dissociation rates, which correlate with the (un)binding forces. Using single-molecule force spectroscopy, we have characterized three variants of a recombinant antibody single-chain Fv fragment. These variants were taken from different step...

The immune response to Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, is complex. We studied the immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibody response to N40Br, a sensu stricto strain, in the rhesus macaque(nonhuman primate [NHP]) model of infection to identify the spirochetal protein targets of specific antibody. Antigens used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were whole-cell sonica...

Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG expressing foreign antigens represents a promising candidate for the development of future vaccines and was shown in several experimental models to induce protective immunity against bacterial or parasitic infections. Innate resistance to BCG infection is under genetic control and could modify the immune responses induced against an antigen delivered by such ...

xxiv CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Research background 1 1.2 Literature review 2 1.2.1 Immune system 2 1.2.2 Antibody and its classes 3 1.2.3 The structure of antibody 6 1.2.4 Recombinant antibody 7 1.2.5 Diversity of antibody 9 1.2.6 Antibody library 9

Infections of CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales are a severe threat in clinical settings. genes on plasmids have been transferred to many species, and these species spread, leading the global problem antimicrobial resistance. Here, we developed lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) based an anti-CTX-M rabbit monoclonal antibody. This antibody detected variants from CTX-M-...

Nanobodies– or VHH– are small proteins (~120 residues) issued from antibodies with an intact recognition for the original target of antibody. In present study, we show possibility incorporating non-canonical amino acids at precise location sequence via classical genetic techniques (Genetic Code Expansion). We demonstrate that amount recombinant protein obtained is compatible large production fo...