Within-host competition among parasite genotypes affects epidemiology as well as the evolution of virulence. In the rodent malaria Plasmodium chabaudi, competition among genotypes, as well as clone-specific and clone-transcending immunity are well documented. However, variation among genotypes in the induction of antibodies is not well understood, despite the important role of antibodies in the...

Maternal smoking in pregnancy (MSP) is a large modifiable risk factor for pregnancy related mortality and morbidity and also the most important known modifiable risk factor for asthma. This review summarises the effects of MSP throughout infancy, childhood and adolescence with regards to asthma (development and severity). Firstly, the direct damage caused by nicotine on fetal lung development, ...

The RON receptor tyrosine kinase and its ligand macrophage stimulating protein (MSP) play a role in epithelial tumorigenesis. We report here a novel RON variant that antagonizes the RON-MSP pathway in various cancer cells. The variant is an 85 kDa soluble protein from an mRNA transcript with an insertion of 49 nucleotides between exons 5 and 6. The insertion created a stop codon leading to the ...

Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP) is an 80-kD serum protein with homology to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Its receptor, RON tyrosine kinase, is a new member of the HGF receptor family. The MSP-RON signaling pathway has been implicated in the functional regulation of mononuclear phagocytes. However, the function of this pathway in other types of cells has not been elucidated. Here we show ...

BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum, the most dangerous malaria parasite species to humans remains an important public health concern in Okelele, a rural community in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. There is however little information about the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in Nigeria. OBJECTIVE To determine the population genomic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in malaria patients...

Myelencephalon-specific protease (MSP) is a novel serine protease that is expressed predominantly in the nervous system. In the adult rat spinal cord, MSP mRNA expression was dramatically upregulated, in both the white and gray matter, after systemic exposure to the glutamate receptor agonist, kainic acid (KA) (Scarisbrick et al. J Neurosci 17: 8156-8168, 1997b). To determine the cell-specific ...

We construct algebraic cobordism spectra MSL and MSp. They are commutative monoids in the category of symmetric T-spectra. The spectrum MSp comes with a natural symplectic orientation given either by a tautological Thom class th ∈ MSp4,2(MSp2), a tautological Pontryagin class p MSp 1 ∈ MSp (HP) or any of six other equivalent structures. For a commutative monoid E in the category SH(S) we prove ...

Marine spatial planning (MSP) is currently practiced by almost half of the world’s nations. While some countries are working on their second, third or fourth round MSP, many going through first marine planning. Thus, there experiences to share and reflect upon. Current practices MSP show a minimum ecosystem-based approaches, which indicates need develop practice further. This paper examines com...

PURPOSE To measure perimetric sensitivity and response variability of glaucomatous patients with single-stimulus automated perimetry (SSAP) and multiple-stimulus perimetry (MSP) with verbal feedback. METHODS Frequency-of-seeing (FOS) data were collected from the same four visual field locations (normal and reduced sensitivity) in one eye of 10 glaucoma patients, using SSAP and MSP. The SSAP t...

Alcoholism is a pervasive societal problem, yet available pharmacotherapies fail to treat most sufferers. The type 1 corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF1) receptor has received much attention for its putative role in the progression to alcohol dependence, although at present its success in clinical trials has been limited. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the rat Crhr1 promoter have been ...